Evaluation of Environmental Pollutant Residues in Zea Mays l. By GC-MS and Their Potential Toxicological Effects

Abstract

Objective: The objective of this study was to identify and quantify the presence of pesticides in green corn grains grown in the northwest region of Paraná, Brazil, and to evaluate their potential toxicological effects on human health, with a focus on food safety. Theoretical Framework: The state of Paraná, although one of the largest grain producers in Brazil, is also one of the states that consumes the most pesticides. The increasing use of pesticides can lead to serious environmental and health risks. Method: The samples were collected and analyzed in triplicate in the northwestern region of the state of Paraná. Identification and quantification were carried out by gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (GC-MS), using a modified QuEChERS extraction method. Results and Discussion: The results revealed the presence of 38 extracted chemical substances, 27 of which were chemical compounds present in corn and 11 were contaminant residues. Of these contaminants, 6 pesticides (Pyriproxyfen, p¬-DCB, Atrazine, Benzyl Benzoate, Pendimethalin and 2,4-D), 2 by-products of agricultural activities and pesticides (Naphthalene and Acenaphthene), 2 persistent organic pollutants (Tetrahydro-2,5-dimethoxyfuran, Bisphenol A) and 1 solvent (Mesitylene) were identified. All residues were quantified below the maximum permitted limit. Research Implications: The implications of this study highlight the relevance of developing analytical methods and strategies that minimize food exposure to chemical contaminants. Originality/Value: The originality of this work lies in the application of the modified QuEChERS method for the analysis of pesticide residues in corn, contributing to the literature with new data on food contamination and its potential impacts on human health.