Evaluation of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for diagnosis of clostridium perfringens enterotoxemias

Idrissi, A H El; Ward, G. E.

doi:10.1016/0378-1135(92)90131-c

Cited by 32 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…No practical serological method exists for detecting individual carrier animals (Hansen et al, 2006). Serotyping used slide agglutination test and antibiotic sensitivity test for detection of R factor plasmid (Quinn et al, 1994 (EL-idrissi and Ward, 1992).…”

Section: Serological Diagnosismentioning

confidence: 99%

A review on major bacterial causes of calf diarrhea and its diagnostic method

Muktar¹,

Gezhagne²,

Biruk³

et al. 2015

J. Vet. Med. Anim. Health

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Calf diarrheic diseases result from complex interactions of the environment. Infectious agents and the calf itself are the major constraints for raising replacement stock. Calf diarrhea is a multi factorial disease entity that can have serious financial and animal welfare implications in both dairy and beef sucker herds and is one of the most common diseases reported in calves up to 3 months old. Among the bacterial causes of diarrhea in neonatal food animals, Escherichia coli and Salmonella species are the most common and economically important ones. Clostridium perfringens and Campylobacter species have also been identified as causes of enteric diseases in calf diarrhea other, Non-infectious factors, such as insufficient uptake of colostrum, poor sanitation, stress, overcrowding in the calf pens and cold weather, could cause neonatal calf diarrhea. The most prominent virulence factors identified in bacterial diarrhea are expression of fimbrial (pili) antigens that enables the bacteria to adhere and to colonize the luminal surface of the small bowel and elaboration of one or more enterotoxins that influence intestinal secretion of fluids. Various laboratory methods have been applied for the detection of infectious agents of calf diarrhea in fecal sample such as, bacterial culture, electron microscopy, molecular based techniques (PCR, DNA microarray) and serological techniques (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, latex agglutination test). Accurate and rapid early confirmation of the etiology in the disease outbreak as well as improving the various management factors are advised, for effective control and prevention of enteric disease in newborn calves. Treatment with rehydration solutions and provision of dry and warm conditions are vital in the treatment of calf diarrhoea.

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Section: Serological Diagnosismentioning

confidence: 99%

A review on major bacterial causes of calf diarrhea and its diagnostic method

Muktar¹,

Gezhagne²,

Biruk³

et al. 2015

J. Vet. Med. Anim. Health

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“…However, it should be kept in mind that the types of ELISA used differed between the studies. Ward, 1992aWard, , 1992b, was capable of detecting, in a linear form, concentrations between 7.8 and 125ng/mL and the minimum detectable 2ng/mL. Nagahama et al (1991) reported that the sensitivity of ELISA with specific antibodies for the detection of beta, epsilon and iota toxins of C. perfringens may reach up to 1.0mg/mL for the purified iota and beta toxins and 0.1ng/mL of purified epsilon toxin.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The methodology adopted to conduct the modified ToBI test for evaluation of epsilon toxicoid followed the recommendations suggested by Fayez et al (2005), with the following adaptations: the dilution plate was blocked by adding 250µL of 3% albumin solution. Next, in each plate orifice, 100µL of epsilon toxicoid was added, diluted according to needs, with dilution buffer.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

ELISA and modified toxin-binding inhibition test for quality control of the clostridial vaccine processes

Santos¹,

Almeida

Brandi

et al. 2014

Arq. Bras. Med. Vet. Zootec.

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This study aimed to assess and standardize the ELISA and modified ToBI test in vitro methods in order to verify the potency of epsilon toxicoid in comparison with the in vivo TCP method. The following epsilon toxoids were used: NIBSC standard from batches 375/07, 532/08, 551/08, 373/07 and 378/07. These were evaluated using a TCP test, ELISA and ToBI tests. The results indicate that the correlation ratio between the dilutions of standard NIBSC toxicoid and absorbance values of 89.44% obtained with the ELISA method support the use of the curve to evaluate epsilon toxoids. However, it was observed that the absorbance values were similar for all toxoids, thus presenting no significant difference between higher and lower concentration toxoids. For the ToBI test, the correlation ratio of 96.76, obtained in the curve pattern, demonstrates the effectiveness of the curve to be used in the epsilon toxoid evaluation. The correlation ratio between the titration degrees of toxoids obtained through TCP and ToBI tests was higher than 90%. It is concluded that the type of ELISA test used does present discriminative power for toxoids with different concentrations, which does not support the use of this technique for such a purpose. The ToBI test can be used as a screening method for it is sensitive and effective to detect epsilon toxicoid produced by C. perfringens type D.

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“…This organism causes acute enterotoxaemia in ruminants such as cattle, sheep, goats and buffalos by proliferation in the intestine and production of several toxins such as alpha, beta, epsilon and tau (Chakrabarty et al, 1980;Al-Mashat and Taylor, 1983;Popoff, 1984;Worral et al, 1987;Radostits et al, 1994;Secasiu et al, 1997). Among the toxins, beta and epsilon exert the most lethal effects (El-Idrissi and Ward, 1992). Clostridial vaccines are used for immunization against enterotoxaemia in cattle, sheep and goats.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Antibody responses in buffalos immunized with Clostridium perfringens beta and epsilon toxoids

M¹,

B²,

Hong³

et al. 2001

Vet. Med. - Czech

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Clostridium perfringens is considered to be one of the most widespread pathogenic organisms in animals (Hatheway, 1990). This organism causes acute enterotoxaemia in ruminants such as cattle, sheep, goats and buffalos by proliferation in the intestine and production of several toxins such as alpha, beta, epsilon and tau (Chakrabarty et al., 1980;Al-Mashat and Taylor, 1983;Popoff, 1984;Worral et al., 1987;Radostits et al., 1994;Secasiu et al., 1997). Among the toxins, beta and epsilon exert the most lethal effects (El-Idrissi and Ward, 1992). Clostridial vaccines are used for immunization against enterotoxaemia in cattle, sheep and goats. Nevertheless, there are no either currently available vaccines or information on immunization for buffalos. In the present paper, to obtain information on validity in the use of clostridial beta and epsilon toxoids for immunization of buffalos we studied whether these toxoids induced protective humoral immune responses by measuring antibody responses to potent toxoids.The beta and epsilon toxoids of Clostridium perfringens were recently developed by International Laboratory for Biological Standards, Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food, Central Veterinary Laboratory, New Haw, Weybridge, Surrey, England. The weights of used materials were approximately 70 mg for the beta toxoid and 115 mg for the epsilon toxoid. Each material was reconstituted in 1 ml of distilled water. The entire content was resuspended in 18 ml of physiological saline containing 0.01% thiomersalate and 0.5% ml of sterile aluminium hydroxide gel. These were thoroughly mixed and transferred to 25 ml of 2% aluminium hydroxide. The toxoids were allowed to dissolve at room temperature for three days with shaking at intervals to ensure a homogeneous suspension. These suspensions were further diluted at 1:5 (1 part of suspension : 4 parts of diluent) in a diluent containing 1 part of 2% aluminium hydroxide gel and 4 parts of physiological saline. The final concentrations of these reconstituted toxoids were roughly 0.32 mg per ml for beta and 0.52mg/ml for epsilon and 0.42 mg per ml for beta-epsilon combination.A total of 24 apparently healthy, one-year-old, clostridial disease-free Monipuri buffalo calves were used in this experiment. The buffalos were divided into four groups. Six animals were randomly allocated to each group. These four groups were designated to each inoculation of beta, epsilon, beta-epsilon combination (1 : 1) and control. Three ml of each toxoid solution was inoculated subcutaneously into each of all six buffalos of the designated groups. The animals of control group were administered 3 ml of the diluent. All these animals were maintained on a clean buffalo farm. Blood samples were collected on days 0, 14 and 21 after inoculation. The collected sera were stored at -25°C until used.The antibody titres of immunized sera were determined by the toxin-antitoxin neutralization test using mice as described by Rahman and Rahman (1999). Briefly, toxins purified from Clostridium perfringens were us...

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Evaluation of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for diagnosis of clostridium perfringens enterotoxemias

Cited by 32 publications

References 7 publications

A review on major bacterial causes of calf diarrhea and its diagnostic method

A review on major bacterial causes of calf diarrhea and its diagnostic method

ELISA and modified toxin-binding inhibition test for quality control of the clostridial vaccine processes

Antibody responses in buffalos immunized with Clostridium perfringens beta and epsilon toxoids

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