Evaluation of EPS wall effectiveness to mitigate shallow foundation deformation induced by reverse faulting

Centrifugal and Numerical Investigation of Surface Fault Rupture Hazard Mitigation for Shallow Foundations Using Micro-Piles 

“…Firstly, the free-field test was conducted to observe the fault rupture path as well as determine the "S" parameter which depicts the relative situation of the foundation toward the fault rupture. According to the results of research conducted by Baziar et al (2019), the foundation positioned at S/B=0 related to the fault surface outcrop has high rotation. Therefore, the second test was performed to investigate the mitigation of fault rupture hazard on this foundation.…”

“…Also, it is noticeable that the most favorable result can be gained through conducting SIMPs with a diameter of 25cm and installation angle of 30degree with a spacing of 50cm between each micro-pile which can reduce the rotation of surface foundation from more than 12degree to about 1.5degree. Since there remain some critical positions (S/B= -0.25, 0, and 0.25) in protecting a surface foundation using a Weak Vertical Wall (WVW) (Baziar et al, 2019), these positions were chosen to investigate the efficiency of mitigating fault rupture by conducting a row of SIMPs. Results of both protected by either SIMPs or a WVW and unprotected surface foundation rotations when the foundation is positioned at mentioned critical locations subjecting to reverse fault of dip angle 60-degree and 75-degree are illustrated in Fig.15 and 16.…”

“…Table. 1. Summary of protectable positions for a shallow foundation with EPS wall mitigation (Baziar et al 2019) 0 ≤ Rotation (θ) ˂ 1 ≤ Rotation (θ) ˂ 5 5 ≤ Rotation ( This paper will thoroughly focus on the effectiveness of trenching a strong inclined wall (SIW) beneath the surface foundation to decrease the foundation's rotation when it is located at the critical positions (Table.2), to solve the weaknesses of conducting a weak vertical wall. The efficiency of the mentioned SIW was examined both experimentally using centrifuge modeling and numerically using 2D and 3D finite element method.…”

“…EPS) as a material neither with high shear strength nor being dependent on time exhibited the best performance in deviating fault rupture. Baziar et al (2019) numerically considered the efficiency of trenching an EPS wall in a proper situation to a surface foundation against reverse fault rupture, which indicated that besides EPS wall's geometry, some parameters like foundation position (S) and fault dip angle (α), play a crucial role in the effectiveness of their strategy. They concluded that, although an EPS wall performed favorable results to mitigate fault rupture in many various positions of surface foundation (Table .1), some locations have still stayed in a threatening damage level with high rotations.…”

“…Finally, in Section Five, the main conclusions of this study will be presented. building resting on a continuous and rigid foundation (photos adopted from Hwang 2000) (Faccioli et al 2008) Problem Definition and Methodology Baziar et al (2019) indicated that installing a weak vertical wall (WVW) can deviate the fault rupture; hence, protect the surface foundation. However, since the effectiveness of such WVW heavily depends on the foundation's location, in certain positions, the surface foundation remains unprotected (Table . 2).…”