Evaluation of Etiological Risk Factors Of Primary Monosymptomatic Enuresis

Association of Nocturnal Enuresis and history of Breastffeeding in primary school children in Hilla city

“…This was more than females which was 46% . This is in agreement with other studies (14,15,16). Regarding age , the study found that nocturnal enuresis declines with increasing age so that at age (6-8) years it was 56% , but at age (9-10) years it was 25.5% and at age (11)(12) years it was 18.5 % .The findings are in agreement with study by Ali (8) in Iraq and studies in Egypt (17,18) but in contrast with a study by Saudi Arabia research (2) .The later found nocturnal enuresis increasing with increase age Enuretic children in our study tend to live in urban areas (78%) which is in contrast to Hu et al in china (19) .This result may be explained by the fact that enuresis is considered a stigma in rural areas , preventing parents from seeking medical advice .…”

“…Duration of exclusive breast feeding( Less than or equal to 6 months ) was high in enuretic children 152 (76%) . This result was in agreement with (16,20) in Turkey and Indonesia . The total duration of breast feeding was more than 2 years in only 8%( 16) of enuretic children.…”

“…The other 35%(70) of children had no toilet training in our study that is in contrast with (20) a study in Indonesia which showed poor toilet training in 65% of enuretic children . Past history of studied children shows that , 60 % ( 120) of children had positive family history of enuresis which is in agreement with other studies (2,16,20), all of which showed a positive family history and this result as in literature review that is a risk factor for enuresis. Past medical history was negative in 72% of enuretic children in our study and 9.5 % had urinary tract infection.…”

“…Others Sociodemographic characters of parents revealed no significant association with history of breastfeeding of enuretic children: Household Income , this is in agreement with (26,31) .It was reported that families with high income level, increased the use of disposable diaper for a prolonged time that delayed implementation of toilet training . Also, no significant association with history of breastfeeding of enuretic children with living in extended families ,in agreement with (14) in India , mother education, mother occupation , paternal occupation , are all in agreement with (2) , sleep history is in agreement with (16) in Turkey.…”