Evaluation of exposure levels generated by cellular systems: methodology and results

Barbiroli, Marina; Carciofi, Claudia; Degli-Esposti, Vittorio; Falciasecca, G.

doi:10.1109/tvt.2002.804854

Cited by 19 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…In the references [8], [9], [10], there are many models for the definition of the zones of the near field as well as the far field. Attention must be paid to the fact that in the zones of the near field, the levels of the radiation depends not only on the distance from the antenna but also on the movement along the vertical axis, whereas in the case of the far field the levels depend only on the distance not on the movement along the vertical axes.…”

Section: The Methods For Evaluating the Near Field Of An Antennamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The intensity of the electric field calculated for each of the elements (cells) of the antenna is vectorial and it can be projected according to the axis x, y, z, and obtain the respective components for each of the axes. The electric and magnetic fields in the Cartesian coordinates are composed of each of the three components Ex, Ey and Ez for each and every frequency the same is valid for the magnetic field with respective Hx, Hy and Hz components [8] as (5):…”

Section: The Methods For Evaluating the Near Field Of An Antennamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The model is in the shape of group of dipoles positioned in front of a reinforcing www.ijacsa.thesai.org reflector with dimensions: 2m long and 40 cm wide, with angles for limiting the main ray. According to the reflecting theory [8], the dividing distance between the reflector and the group of dipoles is set at λ/4. The number of dipoles, which depends from the desired amplification, and dividing distance between them is calculated according to [8].…”

Section: The Modeling and Geometry Of The Antennamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…According to the reflecting theory [8], the dividing distance between the reflector and the group of dipoles is set at λ/4. The number of dipoles, which depends from the desired amplification, and dividing distance between them is calculated according to [8].…”

Section: The Modeling and Geometry Of The Antennamentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

A Simple and Reliable Method for the Evaluation of the Exposed Field Near the GSM Antenna

Lala¹,

Kamo²,

Koliçi³

et al. 2015

ijacsa

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Abstract-The objective of this paper is to present a simple, accurate and very efficient method for the evaluation of the field in the vicinity of GSM antennas of the radio base-station in urban areas. The method is based on the replacement of the antenna panel with a group of discrete source emitters. A geometrical approximation is used for the evaluation of the environment's influence also.The calculated results are compared with results taken from the use of NARDA SRM 3000 measuring equipment. The presented method could be successfully used for the exposure evaluation of the electromagnetic field emitted by GSM antennas of the basestation in urban areas.

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Section: The Methods For Evaluating the Near Field Of An Antennamentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: The Methods For Evaluating the Near Field Of An Antennamentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: The Modeling and Geometry Of The Antennamentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: The Modeling and Geometry Of The Antennamentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

A Simple and Reliable Method for the Evaluation of the Exposed Field Near the GSM Antenna

Lala¹,

Kamo²,

Koliçi³

et al. 2015

ijacsa

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“…The assumption is that while a handset will have access to a macrocell base station throughout most of the home, there is a possibility that some areas will suffer from low or zero connectivity. Further, we assume that the handset is far enough from the macrocell base station to have a path loss exponent greater than 2; in [12], this distance was estimated to > 60 m, which is realistic for the majority of home scenarios.…”

Section: A Assumptions and System Parametersmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Comparison of RF Exposure in Macro- and Femtocells

Zarikoff¹,

Malone²

2013

Health Physics

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This paper assesses radio frequency exposure of a mobile handset user in the context of a new class of cellular base station: the femtocell. Traditional cellular network construction relies on using a single base station to cover a large area and serve dozens to hundreds of users. The femtocell (named after the minuscule size of the coverage area) provides a low-power in-home cellular connection for the mobile handset. Consequently, we expect it to behave differently to a macrocell in terms of the users radio frequency energy exposure. Our work focuses on the trade-off in incident power on the mobile handset user when connected to either a macrocell or femtocell using power loss and power control models. Contrary to many individuals initial feeling that putting a base station in your home would increase exposure, our findings indicate that having a femtocell in the home will actual reduce the mobile handset users exposure to radio frequency energy.

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A numerical coefficient for evaluation of the environmental impact of electromagnetic fields radiated by base stations for mobile communications

Russo

Cerri

Vespasiani

2010

Bioelectromagnetics

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The aim of this study is the development of an Electromagnetic Environmental Impact Factor (EEIF). This is a global parameter that represents the level of electromagnetic impact on a specific area due to the presence of radiating systems, such as base station (BS) antennas for mobile communications. The numerical value of the EEIF depends only on the electromagnetic field intensity, a well-defined physical quantity that can easily be measured or computed. The paper describes the significant parameters of the field distribution adopted to evaluate the EEIF, and the assumptions used to develop a proper scale of values. Finally, some examples of application of the EEIF method are analyzed for real situations in a typical urban area.

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Evaluation of exposure levels generated by cellular systems: methodology and results

Cited by 19 publications

References 12 publications

A Simple and Reliable Method for the Evaluation of the Exposed Field Near the GSM Antenna

A Simple and Reliable Method for the Evaluation of the Exposed Field Near the GSM Antenna

A Comparison of RF Exposure in Macro- and Femtocells

A numerical coefficient for evaluation of the environmental impact of electromagnetic fields radiated by base stations for mobile communications

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