Evaluation of expressed emotion in schizophrenia: a comparison of Caucasians and Mexican-Americans

Kopelowicz, Alex; Zárate, Roberto; González, Verónica; López, Steven R.; Ortega, Paula; Obregon, Nora Briselda; Mintz, Jim

doi:10.1016/s0920-9964(01)00193-1

Cited by 59 publications

(50 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…24,25 Similarly, in a multicentre family intervention study for first-episode schizophrenia based in Chandigarh, Aarhus and London, Leff et al 30 found a significant association between EE and relapse in all centres. However, compared with the North Indian sample, the European centres had a much higher proportion of relatives with high EE (54% compared to 23%).…”

Section: Stigma Schizophrenia and Culturementioning

confidence: 95%

“…23 There have been a number of studies among Mexican Americans. 24,25 Kopelowicz et al 25 compared the tolerance threshold of hostility and criticism by others of Mexican Americans and Egyptians with schizophrenia with that of British and US Anglo Americans. They found that Egyptians and Mexican Americans with schizophrenia tolerated higher levels of critical comments and hostility than British or US Anglo Americans.…”

Section: Stigma Schizophrenia and Culturementioning

confidence: 99%

“…They found that Egyptians and Mexican Americans with schizophrenia tolerated higher levels of critical comments and hostility than British or US Anglo Americans. 25 Similarly, African American people who experienced caregiver criticism, a key component of high EE, did not necessarily relapse. 25,26 African American caregivers' intrusive behaviour during conflict may be interpreted as a sign of sincerity and genuine concern and the interactional process is less likely to predict relapse symptoms.…”

Section: Stigma Schizophrenia and Culturementioning

confidence: 99%

“…25 Similarly, African American people who experienced caregiver criticism, a key component of high EE, did not necessarily relapse. 25,26 African American caregivers' intrusive behaviour during conflict may be interpreted as a sign of sincerity and genuine concern and the interactional process is less likely to predict relapse symptoms. 26 There is a conceivable risk of increasing stress should a clinician unknowingly focus on reducing critical and intrusive behaviours in families where these types of interactions are positively adaptive.…”

Section: Stigma Schizophrenia and Culturementioning

confidence: 99%

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Family therapy for schizophrenia: cultural challenges and implementation barriers in the South African context

et al. 2011

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Family therapy is an effective, evidence based intervention for schizophrenia. This literature review explores the impact of culture on family therapy as a treatment model for schizophrenia and examines how cultural beliefs impact on access to care. Although there is a good deal of evidence to suggest that certain principles of family therapy such as empathy and psycho-education are universal, there is a paucity of literature about the role of culture in designing family interventions for people living with schizophrenia in a culturally diverse setting such as South Africa. It is well acknowledged that cultural ideologies influence families' belief systems of schizophrenia, expected expressed emotion, and levels of stigma in relation to mental illness. Additionally, in adapting models designed for first-world settings, consideration needs to be given to aspects such as language, educational level and accessibility of mental health care facilities. Family therapists are increasingly recognising the need for the study and implementation of evidence based culture-relevant and culture-responsive therapeutic techniques. These techniques need to be cost-effective and will require training, supervision, staff support, and management input in order to become generally available.

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Section: Stigma Schizophrenia and Culturementioning

confidence: 95%

Section: Stigma Schizophrenia and Culturementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Stigma Schizophrenia and Culturementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Stigma Schizophrenia and Culturementioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Family therapy for schizophrenia: cultural challenges and implementation barriers in the South African context

et al. 2011

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“…However, African American families seemed to be less tolerant of disruptive psychotic behaviors when compared with Caucasian families [16,17] which could result in multiple hospitalizations. Families of Caucasians patients suffering from schizophrenia exhibited higher EE and relapse rates when compared to family members of Mexican schizophrenic patients [18].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 85%

Expressed emotion – a determinant of relapse in schizophrenia: a case report and literature review

Banerjee¹,

Retamero²

2014

J Psychiatry Brain Funct

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Expressed emotion (EE) pertains to care giver's attitude towards a person with a mental disorder. It is a characteristic of the family milieu that has been found to be one of the major psychosocial stressors and an important predictor of symptom relapse in a wide range of psychiatric disorders. Research on EE was initiated early in the 1950s, and the researchers observed that close emotional ties between families could lead to minimum stimulation and social withdrawal by a patient suffering from schizophrenia. They also observed that such patients were more likely to relapse when living with close relatives who had negative attitudes. The communication patterns in families with high EE relatives are usually characterized by intense and confronting verbal exchanges. The authors present the case of a young African American male with acute relapse of symptoms of schizophrenia in the background of a family with high EE.

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Families and Psychosis

Onwumere

Smith

Kuipers

2010

Principles of Social Psychiatry

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Evaluation of expressed emotion in schizophrenia: a comparison of Caucasians and Mexican-Americans

Cited by 59 publications

References 25 publications

Family therapy for schizophrenia: cultural challenges and implementation barriers in the South African context

Family therapy for schizophrenia: cultural challenges and implementation barriers in the South African context

Expressed emotion – a determinant of relapse in schizophrenia: a case report and literature review

Families and Psychosis

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