Evaluation of Factors Influencing the Groundwater Chemistry in a Small Tropical Island of Malaysia

Abstract

Groun in a very complex way. In this work, multivariate statistical analysis was used to evaluate the factors controlling the groundwater chemistry of Kapas Island (Malaysia). Principal component analysis (P dwater chemistry of small tropical islands is influenced by many factors, such as recharge, weathering and seawater intrusion, among others, which interact with each other CA) was applied to 17 hydrochemical parameters from 108 groundwater samples obtained from 18 sampling sites. PCA extracted four PCs, namely seawater intrusion, redox reaction, anthropogenic pollution and weather factors, which collectively were responsible for more than 87% of the total variance of the island’s hydrochemistry. The cluster analysis indicated that three factors (weather, redox reaction and seawater intrusion) controlled the hydrochemistry of the area, and the variables were allocated to three groups based on similarity. A Piper diagram classified the island’s water types into Ca-HCO3 water type, Na-HCO3 water type, Na-SO4-Cl water type and Na-Cl water type, indicating recharge, mixed, weathering and leached from sewage and seawater intrusion, respectively. This work will provide policy makers and land managers with knowledge of the precise water quality problems affecting the island and can also serve as a guide for hydrochemistry assessments of other islands that share similar characteristics with the island in question.

The Geochemical Speciation of Hand-dug Well Water of Kakamega County, Kenya

“…Evidently, the quality of water may be affected by rock weathering and waste materials from mining sites that may result in the release of toxic chemicals into both the environment and the aquatic system [3,6]. The problems caused by mining activities include rapid loss of farm lands, loss of water sheds, heaping of rocks and mine waste around trees, and silting of rivers and streams.…”

“…Ground water is a key resource for various activities including vegetation, agriculture and human consumption in many rural settings of the world [1]. The ability to understand the mineral assemblage in groundwater is important in monitoring the hydrological behavior and saturation indices of significant solubility controlling minerals in water systems [2,3]. Based on identification of potential minerals, the results from the pH dependence test is a finger print in chemical speciation [3].…”

“…The ability to understand the mineral assemblage in groundwater is important in monitoring the hydrological behavior and saturation indices of significant solubility controlling minerals in water systems [2,3]. Based on identification of potential minerals, the results from the pH dependence test is a finger print in chemical speciation [3]. The calculation of pH and multi-component chemical equilibria in water-rock reactions is critical in establishing mineral assemblage and buffers that control hydrological systems.…”

Water Chemistry Characteristics and Their Controlling Factors in Dou River Basin

“…From the concentration of NO 3 -and TDS, it could be seen that, the four samples with TDS >800mg/L are highly affected by human activities at the riverbank area. The correlation between different species could be used to study the origin and controlling factors of groundwater (Ravikumar et al 2011;Kura et al 2013), the correlation between (Ca + Mg) and HCO 3 -could be used to indicate the limestone original groundwater, the correlation between （Ca + Mg）and SO 4 2-could be used to indicate the gypsum original groundwater, the correlation between Na and Cl could be used to indicate the evaporation effect during the groundwater runoff.…”

Major Ion Chemistry and Identification of Hydrogeochemical Processes of Evolution of Ground Water in a Small Tropical Coral Island of Minicoy, Union Territory of Lakshadweep, India

“…The small island hydro geological and hydro chemical studies were carried out by many authors at international and regional levels. These include Nura UK, et al [1] on evaluation of factors Influencing the Groundwater Chemistry in a Small Tropical Island of Malaysia, Aris AZ, et al [2] applied factor analysis tool to the hydro chemical data set of Manukan Island in order to extract the principal factors corresponding to the different sources of variation in the hydrochemistry, Belkhiria L, et al [3] studied geochemical evolution of groundwater in an alluvial aquifer in the case of El Eulma aquifer, East Algeria, Arslan H [4] used application of multivariate statistical techniques in the assessment of groundwater quality in seawater intrusion area in Bafra Plain, Turkey. Kumar G [5] carried out assessment of groundwater quality for Veppanthattai taluk, Perambalur district, Tamil Nadu using Remote Sensing and GIS, Barker JA [6] on fresh water-salt water relation, Mondal NCVS, et al [7] Appraisal of groundwater Volume 1 Issue 2 -2016 resources in an island condition and many others.…”