Evaluation of First Treatment Timing, Fatal Disease Onset, and Days from First Treatment to Death Associated with Bovine Respiratory Disease in Feedlot Cattle

Smith, Kristen; White, Brad J.; Amrine, David E.; Larson, Robert L.; Theurer, Miles E.; Szasz, J. I.; Bryant, Tony C.; Waggoner, J. W.

doi:10.3390/vetsci10030204

Cited by 3 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 34 publications

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“…A 2023 study by Smith et al [16] collected data from 25 U.S. commercial feed yards, representing 4.4 million cattle on feed, with the objective of determining the temporal distributions of first BRD treatment. The results agree with others showing that BRD incidence is often greatest during the first few weeks on feed [12,17].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Variation in Pen-Level Prevalence of BRD Bacterial Pathogens and Antimicrobial Resistance Following Feedlot Arrival in Beef Calves

Abi Younes,

Campbell,

Otto

et al. 2024

Antibiotics

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Antimicrobials are crucial for treating bovine respiratory disease (BRD) in beef feedlots. Evidence is needed to support antimicrobial use (AMU) decisions, particularly in the early part of the feeding period when BRD risk is highest. The study objective was to describe changes in prevalence and antimicrobial susceptibility of BRD bacterial pathogens at feedlot processing (1 day on feed (1DOF)), 12 days later (13DOF), and for a subset at 36DOF following metaphylactic antimicrobial treatment. Mixed-origin steer calves (n = 1599) from Western Canada were managed as 16 pens of 100 calves, receiving either tulathromycin (n = 1199) or oxytetracycline (n = 400) at arrival. Deep nasopharyngeal swabs collected at all time points underwent culture and antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST). Variability in the pen-level prevalence of bacteria and antimicrobial susceptibility profiles were observed over time, between years, and metaphylaxis options. Susceptibility to most antimicrobials was high, but resistance increased from 1DOF to 13DOF, especially for tetracyclines and macrolides. Simulation results suggested that sampling 20 to 30 calves per pen of 200 reflected the relative pen-level prevalence of the culture and AST outcomes of interest. Pen-level assessment of antimicrobial resistance early in the feeding period can inform the evaluation of AMU protocols and surveillance efforts and support antimicrobial stewardship in animal agriculture.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Variation in Pen-Level Prevalence of BRD Bacterial Pathogens and Antimicrobial Resistance Following Feedlot Arrival in Beef Calves

Abi Younes,

Campbell,

Otto

et al. 2024

Antibiotics

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Association between respiratory disease pathogens in calves near feedlot arrival with treatment for bovine respiratory disease and subsequent antimicrobial resistance status

Abi Younes,

Campbell,

Gow

et al. 2024

Front. Vet. Sci.

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IntroductionThis study assessed the risk of first treatment for bovine respiratory disease (BRD) given detection of nasopharyngeal bacteria (Mannheimia haemolytica, Pasteurella multocida, and Histophilus somni) and corresponding likelihood of antimicrobial susceptibility (C/S) at two time points during the early feeding period. Relationships between C/S results and later treatment for BRD were evaluated at both the calf-level and pen-level. The association between calf-level and pen-level C/S findings during the early feeding period and subsequent C/S results at BRD treatment were also reported.MethodsAuction-sourced, recently-weaned beef calves (n = 1,599 steers) were placed in adjacent feedlot pens (8 × 100 calves) in two subsequent years. Deep nasopharyngeal (DNP) swabs were collected from all calves at time of arrival processing (1DOF) and before metaphylaxis administration with either tulathromycin or oxytetracycline, 12 days later (13DOF), and at the time of first treatment for BRD. All samples were tested for C/S.ResultsSeveral pen-level and individual calf-level C/S measures of interest were associated with future treatment for BRD and C/S at the time of treatment. The median DOF for first BRD treatment was 24 days following tulathromycin metaphylaxis and 11 days following oxytetracycline. Overall, sampling at 13DOF resulted in the best fit for more models of subsequent treatment for BRD and C/S results at BRD treatment than for sampling at arrival. In individual calves, recovery of M. haemolytica, P. multocida, or H. somni at 13DOF was associated with subsequent treatment for BRD within 45DOF. Pen-level prevalence of Pasteurellacea bacteria with tetracycline or macrolide resistance at arrival and 13DOF were associated with detection of bacteria with antimicrobial resistance (AMR) at BRD treatment, as were individual calf results at 13DOF.DiscussionThese findings suggest that the bacteria and AMR outcomes recovered from cattle near two weeks on feed can inform the prediction of future BRD risk and concurrent antimicrobial susceptibility results at time of first BRD treatment. Notably, the associations between pen-level C/S results from previous testing and corresponding findings in calves with BRD from the same pen suggested potential testing strategies to inform antimicrobial use protocols for feedlot cattle.

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Bovine Respiratory Disease in Veal Calves: Benefits Associated with Its Early Detection by Lung Ultrasonography and Its Prompt Treatment with a Single Dose of a Fixed Combination of Florfenicol and Meloxicam

Lisuzzo,

Achard,

Valenza

et al. 2024

Animals

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Lung ultrasonography can facilitate bovine respiratory disease (BRD) detection and can potentially improve treatment outcomes. In this study, ninety-six veal calves were followed weekly with clinical and lung ultrasound examinations during the production cycle. Thirty-six calves had clinical signs and abnormal lung ultrasound scans (TRT, n = 36) and were promptly treated with florfenicol and meloxicam. Healthy veal calves without clinical signs and lung lesions were enrolled in the control group (CTR, n = 48), while 12 calves were excluded by the study. The clinical (Wisconsin and California scores), ultrasound and lung lesion scores, total lung consolidation area, treatment rates (success, relapse, mortality), average daily gain (ADG), carcass quality, and gross lesions of lungs at slaughterhouse were monitored. Results showed 91.7% of treatments were performed 3–28 days after arrival. Lung lesions occurred five days before the peak of clinical scores. Following treatment, lungs healed within 5 days with high treatment success rates (97.1% success rate in 45 days and 94.9% overall success rate without relapse). Finally, TRT had similar gross lung lesion prevalence, ADG, and carcass quality to CTR. These results suggest that early detection of BRD followed by a prompt treatment can lead to several key benefits for the health and the growth performances of veal calves.

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Evaluation of First Treatment Timing, Fatal Disease Onset, and Days from First Treatment to Death Associated with Bovine Respiratory Disease in Feedlot Cattle

Cited by 3 publications

References 34 publications

Variation in Pen-Level Prevalence of BRD Bacterial Pathogens and Antimicrobial Resistance Following Feedlot Arrival in Beef Calves

Variation in Pen-Level Prevalence of BRD Bacterial Pathogens and Antimicrobial Resistance Following Feedlot Arrival in Beef Calves

Association between respiratory disease pathogens in calves near feedlot arrival with treatment for bovine respiratory disease and subsequent antimicrobial resistance status

Bovine Respiratory Disease in Veal Calves: Benefits Associated with Its Early Detection by Lung Ultrasonography and Its Prompt Treatment with a Single Dose of a Fixed Combination of Florfenicol and Meloxicam

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