Evaluation of flow injection-solution cathode glow discharge-atomic emission spectrometry for the determination of major elements in brines

Yang, Chun; Wang, Lin; Zhu, Zhenli; Liu, Jin; Zheng, Huajun; Belshaw, N.S.; Hu, Shenghong

doi:10.1016/j.talanta.2016.04.060

Cited by 49 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…In this case, the analyzed solution is bombarded with the positive ions, and as a consequence of the sample sputtering, the dissolved metals can be transferred to the discharge phase where the excitation processes occur. At present, the number of interesting applications of different FLC-APGD systems is large and includes the analysis of various water samples, including tap, mineral, river, and waste waters (Ca, K, Mg, Na, Zn), 3 river and waste waters (Cr), 4 snow, tap, and well waters (In, Rh, Te), 5 ground waters (Tl), 6 as well as brines (Ca, K, Mg, Na), 7 human hair and stream sediments (Cd, Cr, Hg, Pb), 8,9 honeys (Ca, Cu, Fe, K, Li, Mg, Mn, Na, Rb, Zn), 10 titanium dioxide (Ag, Ca, Cu, Fe, K, Li, Mg, Na, Pb), 11 zirconium-based alloys (Ca, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mg, Mn, Ni, Pb), 12,13 colloidal silica (K, Li, Mg, Na). 14 For the APGD operated with a flowing liquid anode (FLA), the solution surface is struck by the electrons, which are not able to sputter the sample.…”

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confidence: 99%

Flowing Liquid Anode Atmospheric Pressure Glow Discharge as an Excitation Source for Optical Emission Spectrometry with the Improved Detectability of Ag, Cd, Hg, Pb, Tl, and Zn

2016

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A novel atmospheric pressure glow discharge generated in contact with a flowing liquid anode (FLA-APGD) was developed as the efficient excitation source for the optical emission spectrometry (OES) detection. Differences in the appearance and the electrical characteristic of the FLA-APGD and a conventional system operated with a flowing liquid cathode (FLC-APGD) were studied in detail and discussed. Under the optimal operating conditions for the FLA-APGD, the emission from the analytes (Ag, Cd, Hg, Pb, Tl, and Zn) was from 20 to 120 times higher as compared to the FLC-APGD. Limits of detections (LODs) established with a novel FLA-APGD system were on average 20 times better than those obtained for the FLC-APGD. A further improvement of the LODs was achieved by reducing the background shift interferences and, as a result, the LODs for Ag, Cd, Hg, Pb, Tl, and Zn were 0.004, 0.040, 0.70, 1.7, 0.035, and 0.45 μg L(-1), respectively. The precision of the FLA-APGD-OES method was evaluated to be within 2-5% (as the relative standard deviation of the repeated measurements). The method found its application in the determination of the content of Ag, Cd, Hg, Pb, Tl, and Zn in a certified reference material (CRM) of Lobster hepatopancreas (TORT-2), four brass samples as well as mineral water and tea leaves samples spiked with the analytes. In the case of brass samples, a reference method, i.e., inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES) was used. A good agreement between the results obtained with FLA-APGD-OES and the certified values for the CRM TORT-2 as well as the reference values obtained with ICP-OES for the brass samples was revealed, indicating the good accuracy of the proposed method. The recoveries obtained for the spiked samples of mineral water and tea leaves were within the range of 97.5-102%.

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confidence: 99%

Flowing Liquid Anode Atmospheric Pressure Glow Discharge as an Excitation Source for Optical Emission Spectrometry with the Improved Detectability of Ag, Cd, Hg, Pb, Tl, and Zn

2016

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“… 30 However, as far as we know, the ELCAD systems are seldom employed for the detection of water samples from rivers and lakes, perhaps because of their complex matrix influence. 1 , 25 …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Liquid Cathode Glow Discharge as an Excitation Source for the Analysis of Complex Water Samples with Atomic Emission Spectrometry

Zhang

et al. 2020

ACS Omega

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A liquid cathode glow discharge (LCGD) was developed as a low-power and miniaturized excitation source of atomic emission spectrometry (AES) for the determination of K, Na, Ca, and Mg in water samples from rivers and lakes. The discharge stability and parameter influencing the analytical performance of LCGD-AES were systematically examined. Moreover, the measurement results of water samples using LCGD-AES were verified by ion chromatography (IC). The results showed that the optimized operating parameters are a 660 V discharge voltage, pH = 1.0 HNO 3 as the supporting electrolyte, and a 4.0 mL min –1 solution flow rate. High concentrations of some metals may interfere with the detection of Ca and Mg. Low-molecular-weight organic substances do not have a remarkable enhancement on signal intensity. With the addition of 0.5% cetyltrimethylammonium chloride (CTAC), the emission intensity of elements can enhance significantly. However, it is not used to further evaluate the analytical performance due to instability of plasma after adding CTAC. The maximum power of LCGD is 52 W. The limits of detection and precision (RSD, in 1 mg L –1 ) of K, Na, Ca, and Mg are 0.20, 0.02, 0.01, and 0.01 mg L –1 and 0.9, 1.5, 0.6, and 1.2%, respectively. The measurement results of K, Na, Ca, and Mg in water samples by LCGD-AES are basically in agreement with the reference values measured by IC. The recovery of samples ranged from 84 to 113% except for Na, suggesting that the measurement results have high accuracy and reliability. All the results indicated that the LCGD-AES can provide an alternative analytical method for in situ, real-time, on-line determination of K, Na, Ca, and Mg in water samples from rivers and lakes.

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“…However, these tools are generally confined to the laboratory and required high temperatures, high vacuum, high power input, or even inert/special gases [ 2 , 3 ]. In addition, it is difficult for ICP to introduce high-salinity solutions, because the salinity load may cause signal suppression, spectral interferences, plasma instability, and even nebulizers blocking [ 4 ]. These shortcomings limit their use only in laboratory and do not meet the requirements for the field deployment or real-time monitoring [ 4 , 5 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition, it is difficult for ICP to introduce high-salinity solutions, because the salinity load may cause signal suppression, spectral interferences, plasma instability, and even nebulizers blocking [ 4 ]. These shortcomings limit their use only in laboratory and do not meet the requirements for the field deployment or real-time monitoring [ 4 , 5 ]. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a simple, convenient, and portable analytical technique.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is considered as one of the most promising alternative miniaturized excitation sources with potential advantages of commercial and analytical success of the plasma sources (i.e., ICP), because it is more compact and is a portable instrument with lower energy consumption (<75 W) and needs no special sample introduction system like a spray chamber and a nebulizer to transport the analytes to the analytical zone [ 2 , 3 , 7 ]. Also, for ELCAD, the analyte is directly introduced to the plasma without the use of nebulizer, which results in reduced memory effects and avoids the problem of deposits blocking the system [ 4 ]. Therefore, it is well suited to the field deployment and on-line analysis of multielements in salt mines samples.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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High-Sensitivity Determination of K, Ca, Na, and Mg in Salt Mines Samples by Atomic Emission Spectrometry with a Miniaturized Liquid Cathode Glow Discharge

Zhang

et al. 2017

Journal of Analytical Methods in Chemistry

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An atomic emission spectrometer (AES) based on a novel atmospheric pressure liquid cathode glow discharge (LCGD) as one of the most promising miniaturized excitation sources has been developed, in which the glow discharge is produced between a needle-like Pt anode and the electrolyte (as cathode) overflowing from a quartz capillary. Lower energy consumption (<50 W) and higher excitation efficiency can be realized by point discharge of the needle-like Pt. The miniaturized LCGD seems particularly well suited to rapid and high-sensitivity determination of K, Ca, Na, and Mg in salt mines samples. The optimized analytical conditions of LCGD-AES were pH = 1 with HNO3 as electrolyte, 650 V discharge voltage, and 3 mL min−1 solution flow rate. The limits of detections (LODs) of K, Ca, Na, and Mg were 0.390, 0.054, 0.048, and 0.032 mg L−1, respectively. Measurement results of the LCGD-AES are in good agreement with the comparison value obtained by inductively coupled plasma (ICP) and ion chromatography (IC). All results suggested that the developed portable analytical instrument can be used for on-site and real-time monitoring of metal elements in field with further improvement.

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Evaluation of flow injection-solution cathode glow discharge-atomic emission spectrometry for the determination of major elements in brines

Cited by 49 publications

References 42 publications

Flowing Liquid Anode Atmospheric Pressure Glow Discharge as an Excitation Source for Optical Emission Spectrometry with the Improved Detectability of Ag, Cd, Hg, Pb, Tl, and Zn

Flowing Liquid Anode Atmospheric Pressure Glow Discharge as an Excitation Source for Optical Emission Spectrometry with the Improved Detectability of Ag, Cd, Hg, Pb, Tl, and Zn

Liquid Cathode Glow Discharge as an Excitation Source for the Analysis of Complex Water Samples with Atomic Emission Spectrometry

High-Sensitivity Determination of K, Ca, Na, and Mg in Salt Mines Samples by Atomic Emission Spectrometry with a Miniaturized Liquid Cathode Glow Discharge

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