Evaluation of fluopyram for southern root-knot nematode management in tomato production in China

Fluopyram (Velum ® One) is a synthetic nematicide and azadirachtin (Molt-X ® ) is a biological nematicide. Both have shown promise against plant-parasitic nematodes on several agriculturally important crops.There is a lack of information on integration of pre-plant sunn hemp (Crotalaria juncea) cover crop with these post-plant nematicides, aiming to improve plant-parasitic nematodes management and mitigate any detrimental effects on free-living nematodes. Three field trials were conducted to investigate the effects of fluopyram alone or in combination with pre-plant sunn hemp cover crop, and azadirachtin combined with pre-plant sunn hemp on Rotylenchulus reniformis and Meloidogyne spp., and free-living nematodes. Zucchini (Cucurbita pepo) and tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) were grown in Trials I and II, and sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas) only was grown in Trial III. In all three trials, early applications of fluopyram at crop planting were effective in suppressing the abundance of Meloidogyne spp. (M. incognita and M. javanica) but it was not effective in reducing R. reniformis in the soil. Combining sunn hemp with fluopyram was suppressive to R. reniformis on short-term zucchini crop, but not on longer term tomato and sweet potato crops. In addition, application of fluopyram at transplanting was the key to successful suppression of Meloidogyne spp. as later fluopyram chemigation (at 2 weeks after planting in Trial II or 1 month after planting in Trial III) had no effect against Meloidogyne spp. On the other hand, planting of sunn hemp followed by monthly postplant azadirachtin application consistently suppressed R. reniformis, but this treatment did not suppress Meloidogyne spp. Integrating sunn hemp with fluopyram increased zucchini yield by >2.3 folds and that with azadirachtin increased the zucchini yield by >1.7 folds. Although no yield improvement was observed on tomato in Trial II, integrating sunn hemp with azadirachtin and fluopyram increased tomato yield by 0.23 and 1.12 folds, respectively, in Trial I. Marketable yield of sweet potato was increased by 4.5-6.4 folds in all the fluopyram treatments but was only increased 61.5% by sunn hemp plus azadirachtin treatment. While fluopyram alone often reduced the abundance of free-living nematodes, integrating with sunn hemp mitigated the negative impacts of fluopyram on soil health.

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confidence: 99%

Effects of fluopyram and azadirachtin integration with sunn hemp on nematode communities in zucchini, tomato and sweet potato in Hawaii

Waisen

Wang

Uyeda

et al. 2021

“…In 2014, fluopyram was registered as a seed treatment to control the soybean cyst nematode, Heterodera glycines (Beeman and Tylka, 2018). Currently available studies also demonstrated how fluopyram affects the development of the nematodes species, M. incognita, M. javanica, H. glycines, H. schachtii, and Pratylenchis loosi (Hurd et al, 2015;Kim et al, 2016;Beeman and Tylka, 2018;Mohotti et al, 2018;Dahlin et al, 2019;Hajihassani et al, 2019;Ji et al, 2019;Oka and Saroya, 2019;Schleker et al, 2019;Silva et al, 2019). This study aimed to (i) evaluate the sensitivity of D. dipsaci to fluopyram (ii), determine the effect of different concentrations of fluopyram on the penetration rate of D. dipsaci into sugar beet seedlings, (iii) determine the effect of different concentrations of fluopyram on the reproduction rates of D. dipsaci in sugar beet, and (iv) determine the optimum application strategy for fluopyram under field conditions.…”

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confidence: 99%

Evaluation of fluopyram for the control of Ditylenchus dipsaci in sugar beet

Storelli

Keiser

Eder

et al. 2020

Fluopyram, a succinate dehydrogenase inhibitor fungicide, has shown potential in controlling Meloidogyne incognita and Rotylenchus reniformis in tomato. The effectiveness of this compound for the control of Ditylenchus dipsaci in sugar beet was evaluated. In this study, laboratory, growth chamber, glasshouse, and field experiments were conducted. In a motility bioassay, the EC 50 value was determined with 3.00 μ g/ml a.i. after 72 h exposure to fluopyram. The growth chamber experiment did not show any effects on D. dipsaci penetration rate; however, field experiments revealed a positive effect of fluopyram applied at planting in reducing D. dipsaci infectivity. The glasshouse experiment confirmed a limited effect of fluopyram on D. dipsaci population development. Under field conditions, despite a reduction of D. dipsaci penetration rates in spring, fluopyram was not effective in reducing the population development until harvest. Consequently, D. dipsaci densities in plant tissue and soil were high at harvest and not different among treatments. However, root-rot symptoms were significantly reduced at harvest. Fluopyram applied at planting showed good potential to reduce root-rot symptoms caused by D. dipsaci in sugar beet. However, for the long-term reduction of nematode populations in soil, further integrated control measures are needed to reduce the risks of substantial yield losses by D. dipsaci.

“…Fluopyram nematicide was not effective for managing plant-parasitic nematode populations at 50 or more days after planting in this study as it had no effect on ring nematode population density and increased spiral and RN population densities at various times compared with untreated control. Previous studies have found that fluopyram can be effective against other nematodes, including root-knot nematodes on vegetables ( Hajihassani et al, 2019 ; Ji et al, 2019 ; Silva et al, 2019 ) and cotton ( Roper, 2017 ) as well as a mixture of sting nematode ( Belonolaimus longicaudatus ) and spiral nematodes on turfgrass ( Waldo et al, 2019 ). The concentration of fluopyram needed to paralyze nematodes in vitro is greater for RN than M. incognita ( Faske and Hurd, 2015 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Fluopyram selectively inhibits Complex II of the mitochondrial respiratory chain in the mitochondria of nematodes, which results in immobility and death (Heiken, 2017). In the field, Meloidogyne incognita populations were reduced and tomato root growth enhanced after fluopyram application (Ji et al, 2019). Additionally, fluopyram increased lint yields in fields with high Meloidogyne incognita pressure (Roper, 2017).…”

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confidence: 99%

Nematicide influence on cotton yield and plant-parasitic nematodes in conventional and sod-based crop rotation

Schumacher

Grabau

Wright

et al. 2020

Plant-parasitic nematodes (Rotylenchulus reniformis (reniform, RN), Helicotylenchus dihystera (spiral), and Mesocriconema ornatum (ring)) and yield were investigated in cotton phases of conventional (peanut-cotton-cotton) and sod-based (bahiagrass-bahiagrasspeanut-cotton) rotations with or without irrigation and fluopyram nematicide at a long-term research site, established in 2000, in Quincy, Florida, USA. Objectives were to determine impacts of nematicide application on cotton yield and evaluate effects of nematicide on plant-parasitic nematodes in these rotations in 2017 and 2018. Reniform nematode population densities were greater in conventional cotton than sod-based cotton. Ring and spiral nematode population densities were greater in sod-based cotton than conventional cotton. Plots receiving nematicide had increased RN population densities in preplant 2018 soil samples and spiral nematode population densities in preplant 2017, harvest 2017, preplant 2018, and harvest 2018 soil samples compared to untreated plots. Cotton seed yield in conventional rotation was increased by 18% following nematicide application in 2017 but decreased by 10% in sod-based rotation in 2018, relative to the untreated control. Sodbased rotation had greater cotton yield than conventional rotation in 2017 and 2018. Nematicide application did not improve cotton yield in sod-based rotation and was inconsistent in conventional rotation.