Evaluation of FMCW Radar for Vibration Sensing in Industrial Environments

Zeintl, Christian; Eibensteiner, Florian; Langer, Josef

doi:10.1109/radioelek.2019.8733410

Cited by 12 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…In comparison to expensive and bulky lab instrumentation devices such as vector network analyzers (VNAs), frequency modulated continuous wave (FMCW) sensors allow for a higher degree of flexibility and improved robustness, due to the high level of integration. Therefore they offer advantages in harsh industrial environments [1] or when a mobile or scanning operation is required [2]. Furthermore, the FMCW principle allows for faster sweep times, making measurements in dynamic environments feasible [3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Versatile 126–182 GHz UWB D-Band FMCW Radar for Industrial and Scientific Applications

Küppers¹,

Jaeschke²,

Pohl

et al. 2022

IEEE Sens. Lett.

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In this paper a D-band frequency modulated continuous wave (FMCW) radar for industrial and scientific applications is presented. It covers an ultra-wide 56 GHz sweep bandwidth (126 GHz-182 GHz, 36.4%) and is based on a custom 1 TRX + 2 RX SiGe transceiver MMIC manufactured in Infineon's B11HFC 130 nm BiCMOS process with an T of 250 GHz and max of 370 GHz. An innovative versatile multichannel edge-launch waveguide frontend-module architecture allows covering applications requiring dual polarization sensing or azimuth & elevation angle-of-arrival estimation based on the same mm-wave circuit board. The FMCW sweeper is based on measurement equipment grade commercial fractional-N PLL synthesizers in an offset dual-loop configuration for highly linear wideband FMCW sweep generation with a phase noise of better than -80 dBc/Hz ( off > 10 kHz) and superior performance even for ultra-fast ramp slopes of more than 56 GHz / 1 ms. Intermediate frequency (IF) signals of a single target measurement are presented to demonstrate the dynamic range capabilities of the FMCW radar. An SNR of 81 dB is achieved using a metal plate reflector target in free space. Due to the ultra-wide bandwidth and the resulting calibrated range resolution of 2.7 mm (-3 dB width, Tukey window), target separation is even possible in dense multi-target environments. Additionally, synthetic aperture radar (SAR) images are presented as an example application utilizing the high range resolution capabilities.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Versatile 126–182 GHz UWB D-Band FMCW Radar for Industrial and Scientific Applications

Küppers¹,

Jaeschke²,

Pohl

et al. 2022

IEEE Sens. Lett.

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show abstract

“…Oxygen and water vapor components in the atmosphere could affect radio waves when measuring within the mmWave region. 4 In addition, the signal is convolved with h rf,k (t), which is the impulse response of the respective radar target. It expresses the near-field effects of nonpoint-shaped targets or radar targets with multiple inseparable scattering points due to insufficient radar bandwidth.…”

Section: B Proposed Error Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Many applications require highly sensitive measuring of mechanical vibrations. A common example is wear indication, and fault detection of rotating machines [1]- [4] or structures [5]- [10], e.g., bridges or high-rise buildings. Furthermore, vibrometry deals with health monitoring to measure the heartbeat as well as the respiration rate [11]- [15] or extracting speech by vocal vibrations [16]- [19].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatially Resolved Fast-Time Vibrometry Using Ultrawideband FMCW Radar Systems

Piotrowsky

Pohl

2021

IEEE Trans. Microwave Theory Techn.

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Highly accurate vibrometry and ranging are important topics in the industrialized economy. Wherever optical measurement technology fails due to its high prices and vulnerability within harsh environments, millimeter-wave (mmWave) radar technology is well suited. This article introduces a signal processing chain for ultrawideband frequency-modulated continuous-wave (FMCW) radar. It uses fast-time measurement to evaluate the instantaneous phase, thus allowing for spatially resolved sensing of multiple simultaneously vibrating radar targets, faster than the chirp rate. In order to accomplish this, a sophisticated error model and a calibration scheme were derived. We used three FMCW radar systems covering a broad range of the mmWave spectrum to demonstrate the signal processing approach. In contrast to the commonly used slow-time measurement principle, the highest detectable frequency was improved from 55 Hz to at least 16 kHz, which is the upper limit of the audio range. Up to 10 kHz could be measured with an underlying large-scale motion of 0.4 m/s, while the vibration displacement was at a minimum of 30 nm.

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“…These movements produce another Doppler effect called micro-Doppler and it is possible to exploit this effect to identify the target signature, or to measure other parameters [14,15]. By extracting the micro-Doppler information from a Radar signal, it is possible to extend the application field of such devices and use them to detect small vibrations [16,17]. In fact, the vibration of the target generates a phase modulation in the received Radar signal, and by applying specific algorithms, it is possible to extract the phase information [18,19].…”

Section: Radar Micro-doppler Effect For a Vibrating Targetmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As known, in an FMCW Radar the transmitted signal is multiplied by the received signal. So, based on Equations (16) and (17), the Beat signal can be obtained from:…”

Section: Radar Signal Processingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Performance Evaluation of Vibrational Measurements through mmWave Automotive Radars

et al. 2020

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Thanks to the availability of a significant amount of inexpensive commercial Frequency Modulated Continuous Wave Radar sensors, designed primarily for the automotive domain, it is interesting to understand if they can be used in alternative applications. It is well known that with a radar system it is possible to identify the micro-Doppler feature of a target, to detect the nature of the target itself (what the target is) or how it is vibrating. In fact, thanks to their high transmission frequency, large bandwidth and very short chirp signals, radars designed for automotive applications are able to provide sub-millimeter resolution and a large detection bandwidth, to the point that it is here proposed to exploit them in the vibrational analysis of a target. The aim is to evaluate what information on the vibrations can be extracted, and what are the performance obtainable. In the present work, the use of a commercial Frequency Modulated Continuous Wave radar is described, and the performances achieved in terms of displacement and vibration frequency measurement of the target are compared with the measurement results obtained through a laser vibrometer, considered as the reference instrument. The attained experimental results show that the radar under test and the reference laser vibrometer achieve comparable outcomes, even in a cluttered scenario.

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Evaluation of FMCW Radar for Vibration Sensing in Industrial Environments

Cited by 12 publications

References 5 publications

Versatile 126–182 GHz UWB D-Band FMCW Radar for Industrial and Scientific Applications

Versatile 126–182 GHz UWB D-Band FMCW Radar for Industrial and Scientific Applications

Spatially Resolved Fast-Time Vibrometry Using Ultrawideband FMCW Radar Systems

Performance Evaluation of Vibrational Measurements through mmWave Automotive Radars

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