Evaluation of foliar application of selenium and flowering stages on selected properties of Iranian Borage as a medicinal plant

Abstract

Many of the active constituents of drug or medicines were originally derived from medicinal plants. Iranian Borage are still being used in regular basis. Selenium (Se) is an essential mineral nutrient for animal and human growth. The aim of this research was to determine the effect of (2, 4, 8 and 16 mg L−1) of as sodium selenate (Na2SeO4) and as sodium selenite (Na2SeO3) on some important properties of Iranian Borage in factorial based on Randomized Complete Block Design via four steps: 2 true leaves stage, ten leaves, 2 weeks and 1 week before flowering. The traits were evaluated during flowering period. Results showed that the highest shoot fresh and dry weight and shoot length, total alkaloid, essential oil percentage were obtained by 4 mg L−1 sodium selenate at the end of flowering. In addition, 4 mg L−1 sodium selenate concentration significantly improved flower yield (diameter, number, weight). The plants were treated with 8 mg L−1 sodium selenate, the higher total phenols and flavonoids, antioxidant activity, soluble sugars, root and fresh weight was seen at end of flowering. When the plants were sprayed with 4 mg L−1 sodium selenite higher total chlorophyll was observed at full of flowering. 16 mg L−1 sodium selenite released the maximum Se acclimation in the petals. 20 composites were discovered containing ɑ-Pinene (23.61%) with sodium selenate in 4 mg L−1. Generally, selenium sources significantly improved morpho-physiological and phytochemical.

Effect of Foliar Sodium Selenate and Nano Selenium Supply on Biochemical Characteristics, Essential Oil Accumulation and Mineral Composition of Artemisia annua L.

“…The calculation of the essential oil yield per whole plant provided a more optimistic outcome: 1.76 ± 0.17 g in control; 1.96 ± 0.19 g in Se +6 and 1.92 ± 0.13 g in the nano-Se group with medians of 1.74, 1.99 and 1.96 g, respectively, though the differences were not statistically significant. The narrow range of beneficial Se concentrations necessary for the improvement of essential oil accumulation in aromatic plants and significant differences in the response to various Se derivatives supply [ 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 ] may partially explain the results of the present investigation.…”

“…In this respect, aromatic plants are of special interest, due to their ability to increase essential oil accumulation under Se supply. The information regarding the Se biofortification of aromatic plants is rather scant and refers to basil [ 7 , 8 , 9 ], cilantro [ 10 ], Hypericum perforatum [ 11 , 12 ] and borago plants [ 13 ]. In most cases, yield increase, essential oil improvement and polyphenol accumulation were recorded.…”

Postharvest commercial quality improvement of broccoli (Brassica oleracea L.) after foliar biofortification with selenium

“…Crops have markedly different capacities for selenite and selenate uptake, although both salts are readily transported through the plant cuticle and metabolized through the sulfur assimilation pathway when they are foliarly applied (Kalaei et al., 2022; Kápolna et al., 2009; Zhang et al., 2019). Furthermore, the differences in selenite and selenate uptake are strongly related to foliar application stage in different plants species, indicating the need to evaluate both of them (Kalaei et al., 2022). However, the reduction of selenate to selenite is needed before the synthesis of various organic Se species (Terry et al., 2000).…”

Selenate and selenite transporters in proso millet: Genome extensive detection and expression studies under salt stress and selenium

“…Despite its non-essential nature, at lower doses Se has physiological benefits to plants, Se regulates the antioxidant system, enhances the chloroplast defense system, increases the ability of plants to scavenge excess ROS, promotes growth and photosynthesis, alleviates the damage to chloroplast ultrastructure, increase proline content, reduced H 2 O 2 and MDA concentrations, enhanced biomass accumulation and relative water content, membrane stability index, stomatal conductance, photochemical efficiency and thus aiding them in mitigating stress ( Tajima, 1993 ; Taha et al., 2021 ; Ahmad et al., 2021 ). In terms of the medicinal plant Iranian Borage, foliar application of sodium selenite resulted in higher levels of antioxidant activity and soluble sugars ( Hosseinzadeh Rostam Kalaei et al., 2022 ), an effect that is very much similar to that on potato ( Turakainen et al., 2004 ). As a consequence, the most frequent metabolic processes that follow the biosynthesis of carbohydrates exist in the pathway “Starch and sucrose metabolism” in which CAZymes acting through the double displacement catalytic mechanism are enriched towards the acquisition of energy required to cope with different biotic and abiotic stresses ( Henrissat et al., 2001 ).…”

“…Among selenite transporters, A0A3L6S8X1 interacts with Actin-7-like (required for the trafficking and endocytic recycling (Tajima, 1993;Taha et al, 2021;. In terms of the medicinal plant Iranian Borage, foliar application of sodium selenite resulted in higher levels of antioxidant activity and soluble sugars (Hosseinzadeh Rostam Kalaei et al, 2022), an effect that is very much similar to that on potato (Turakainen et al, 2004). As a consequence, the most frequent metabolic processes that follow the biosynthesis of carbohydrates exist in the pathway "Starch and sucrose metabolism" in which CAZymes acting through the double displacement catalytic mechanism are enriched towards the acquisition of energy required to cope with different biotic and abiotic stresses (Henrissat et al, 2001).…”