Evaluation of follicular T‐helper cells in primary cutaneous <scp>CD4</scp>+ small/medium pleomorphic T‐cell lymphoma and dermatitis

Ally, Mina S.; Hunasehally, R.Y.P.; Rodriguez‐Justo, Manuel; Martín, Blanca Garrido; Verdolini, Roberto; Attard, N. R.; Child, Fiona; Attygalle, Ayoma; Whittaker, Sean; Morris, Stephen; Robson, Alistair

doi:10.1111/cup.12234

Cited by 48 publications

(47 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…16,17,19,21,23 The clinical course for these lesions is variable. They may appear suddenly, enlarge rapidly over a few months, slowly grow over years, persist with minimal change, wax and wane over a course of weeks to years, or spontaneously resolve.…”

Section: Clinical Morphologic and Immunophenotypic Features Primarymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…They may appear suddenly, enlarge rapidly over a few months, slowly grow over years, persist with minimal change, wax and wane over a course of weeks to years, or spontaneously resolve. 3,4,6,16,17,[19][20][21]23 Ulceration has been described. 7,10,18À21 Unusual clinical presentations include alopecia, 16 poikilodermic plaques, 22 pigmented purpura, 21 and an association with annular elastolytic giant cell granuloma.…”

Section: Clinical Morphologic and Immunophenotypic Features Primarymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…7,8 Loss of one or more pan-T-cell markers, most commonly CD7, is noted in 13% to 90% of cases. 4,10,17,[19][20][21]23 Intermixed CD20 þ B cells are often numerous (10%-60% of the infiltrate), 10,17,[20][21][22][23] and intermixed plasma cells are typically polytypic. 8,17,20 CD8 þ T cells generally make up a substantial minority of cells (5%-47%).…”

Section: Clinical Morphologic and Immunophenotypic Features Primarymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…8,17,20 CD8 þ T cells generally make up a substantial minority of cells (5%-47%). 10,15,17,18,[20][21][22][23] Scattered CD30 þ immunoblasts are usually identified. 10,12,15,18,21,22 Thus, immunophenotypic studies confirm the mixed hematolymphoid infiltrate seen morphologically in this lymphoma.…”

Section: Clinical Morphologic and Immunophenotypic Features Primarymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…10,12,15,18,21,22 Thus, immunophenotypic studies confirm the mixed hematolymphoid infiltrate seen morphologically in this lymphoma. Although PC-SMTCL generally has a low Ki-67 proliferation index, usually ranging from 5% to 30%, 10,17,18,20,21,23,26 in some cases it may be as high as 50% to 70%. 21,23 Consistently, PC-SMTCL is negative for Epstein-Barr virus.…”

Section: Clinical Morphologic and Immunophenotypic Features Primarymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Controversies and Considerations in the Diagnosis of Primary Cutaneous CD4+ Small/Medium T-Cell Lymphoma

Lan

Brown

Hristov

2014

Archives of Pathology &Amp; Laboratory Medicine

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Context.—Primary cutaneous CD4+ small/medium T-cell lymphoma is a provisional and controversial entity with a broad differential diagnosis. Despite being an uncommon lymphoma, it is a frequent diagnostic consideration in cutaneous biopsies with a dense lymphoid infiltrate because it shows overlapping features with reactive lymphoid hyperplasia (pseudolymphoma) and a variety of other primary cutaneous and systemic lymphomas. However, proper classification of this process is important for determining patient prognosis and treatment options. Objective.—To review the clinical, morphologic, immunophenotypic, and genetic features of primary cutaneous CD4+ small/medium T-cell lymphoma and contrast those features with entities in the differential diagnosis. Data Sources.—Applicable literature will be reviewed with emphasis on current controversies and distinguishing characteristics. Conclusions.—Although many consider primary cutaneous CD4+ small/medium T-cell lymphoma to be indistinguishable from reactive lymphoid hyperplasia/pseudolymphoma, it can be differentiated from other primary cutaneous and systemic lymphomas. Patients with solitary lesions of primary cutaneous CD4+ small/medium T-cell lymphoma generally have an excellent prognosis. Nevertheless, a subset of patients who have been reported to meet criteria for this lymphoma have followed a more-aggressive course; however, those patients show some differing clinical, morphologic, and immunophenotypic features.

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Section: Clinical Morphologic and Immunophenotypic Features Primarymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Clinical Morphologic and Immunophenotypic Features Primarymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Clinical Morphologic and Immunophenotypic Features Primarymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Clinical Morphologic and Immunophenotypic Features Primarymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Clinical Morphologic and Immunophenotypic Features Primarymentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Controversies and Considerations in the Diagnosis of Primary Cutaneous CD4+ Small/Medium T-Cell Lymphoma

Lan

Brown

Hristov

2014

Archives of Pathology &Amp; Laboratory Medicine

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Lymphocytic Infiltrates

Child,

Whittaker

2016

Rook's Textbook of Dermatology, Ninth Edition

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Cutaneous Lymphomas

Whittaker,

Child

2016

Rook's Textbook of Dermatology, Ninth Edition

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Primary cutaneous lymphomas are extranodal non‐Hodgkin lymphomas and consist of different variants defined by specific clinicopathological and immunophenotypic features. Primary cutaneous T‐cell lymphomas are the most common subset and are derived from resident memory T cells, whereas primary cutaneous B‐cell lymphomas are more closely related to their nodal counterparts with derivation from B cells at different stages of differentiation. Whilst the underlying pathogenesis of cutaneous lymphomas remains unclear, there is emerging evidence for a heterogenous pattern of somatic mutations and epigenetic events. Although the prognosis for many indolent primary cutaneous lymphoma variants remains excellent, the treatment of some rare variants and advanced stages of mycosis fungoides and Sezary syndrome represents an unmet medical need in view of high levels of chemotherapy resistance and limited durable responses. A variety of novel biological agents have been recently approved but long‐term remissions are rare. There is still an urgent need to clarify the underlying molecular pathogenesis and identify more effective targeted therapies for mycosis fungoides and Sézary syndrome.

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Evaluation of follicular T‐helper cells in primary cutaneous CD4+ small/medium pleomorphic T‐cell lymphoma and dermatitis

Cited by 48 publications

References 27 publications

Controversies and Considerations in the Diagnosis of Primary Cutaneous CD4+ Small/Medium T-Cell Lymphoma

Controversies and Considerations in the Diagnosis of Primary Cutaneous CD4+ Small/Medium T-Cell Lymphoma

Lymphocytic Infiltrates

Cutaneous Lymphomas

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