Evaluation of full-face, open-face, and airbag-equipped helmets for facial impact protection

Meng, Shiyang; Ivarsson, Patrik; Lübbe, Nils

doi:10.1016/j.aap.2023.107181

Cited by 5 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…Although both full-face helmets and the modified airbag helmet were effective in preventing head injury, they may increase strain on the neck and basilar skull, increasing the risk for neck injury. 21 Additionally, the protective characteristics of a given motorcycle helmet, based on national standards, often test a helmet's protective capability to linear impact but neglect to test effectiveness against oblique or angular impact. These findings also contribute to the pathology seen in a diffuse axonal injury TBI.…”

Section: Protective Gearmentioning

confidence: 99%

Unveiling the Vital Role of Critical Neck Protection Devices for Motorcycle Riders: A Review

Sabetta,

Shore,

McCarter

et al. 2024

Preprint

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Fatal motorcycle accidents on- and off-road continue to be overlooked in the literature. Research is scant on morbidity and mortality due to neck injury, which leaves patients and their families debilitated chronically. Great Lakes EMS Inc. conducted a 10-year retrospective case study, which highlighted that motocross riders who do not wear a neck brace are at an 89% higher risk of a critical cervical spine injury; highly unstable cervical spinal fractures have a sustainably higher risk of morbidity and mortality. Proposed mechanisms of motocross neck braces displace the forces on the neck onto the helmet of the rider to provide a smooth distribution of forces, whereas lack of neck brace use places riders at risk for upper cervical spine fractures such as Jefferson fractures, Hangman's fractures, and Odontoid fractures. Further, evidence suggests the use of back protectors may increase the risk of thoracic and upper spine injuries during a motorcycle crash. The limited data on this topic continues to be a challenge, as there is a lack of understanding of the nature of these injuries, which are likely preventable with proper neck protection.

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Section: Protective Gearmentioning

confidence: 99%

Unveiling the Vital Role of Critical Neck Protection Devices for Motorcycle Riders: A Review

Sabetta,

Shore,

McCarter

et al. 2024

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…To address this, researchers resort to finite element (FE) head models that can offer spatiotemporal detailed information on intracranial responses to external impacts of any magnitude and direction. Once appropriately evaluated against cadaveric experiments and real-life TBI accidents, the FE head model is an invaluable tool to assess the efficacy of different countermeasures based on tissue-level injury metrics (e.g., stress and strain) that demonstrated superior injury predictability than kinematic-based injury metrics (Zhang et al 2004, Kleiven 2007, Giordano and Kleiven 2014, Wu et al 2020, Wu et al 2021, Wu et al 2022, Meng et al 2023. A growing body of literature has evaluated the performance of bicycle helmets with the aid of the FE model (Fahlstedt et al 2014, Ito et al 2014, Fahlstedt et al 2016a, Pipkorn et al 2020, Hoshizaki et al 2022.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For brain responses during helmeted impacts, one fundamental question that is largely unknown is how different helmets alter the spatial distribution of tissue response. This is evidenced by the fact that the existing studies primarily focused on the peak value of tissue-based metrics, e.g., MPS (Fahlstedt et al 2014, 2016a, Fahlstedt et al 2016b, Stigson et al 2017, Pipkorn et al 2020, Hoshizaki et al 2022, Meng et al 2023, Abayazid and Ghajari 2024, maximum shear strain (Ito et al 2014), maximal strain rate (Abayazid et al 2021), maximal von-Mises strain (Willinger et al 2014), and maximal von-Mises stress (Deck et al 2019). Complementary efforts were noted to quantify the volume fraction of brain element with the strain peak over a certain threshold (i.e., the cumulative strain damage measure (CSDM) (Bandak and Eppinger 1994)) in helmeted impacts, but CSDM still could not provide location information of these "high-strained" elements.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Peaks and Distributions of White Matter Tract-related Strains in Bicycle Helmeted Impacts: Implication for Helmet Ranking and Optimization

Zhou,

Fahlstedt,

et al. 2024

Preprint

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Traumatic brain injury (TBI) in cyclists is a growing public health problem, with helmets being the major protection gear. Finite element head models have been increasingly used to engineer safer helmets often by mitigating brain strain peaks. However, how different helmets alter the spatial distribution of brain strain remains largely unknown. Besides, existing research primarily used maximum principal strain (MPS) as the injury parameter, while white matter fiber tract-related strains, increasingly recognized as effective predictors for TBI, have rarely been used for helmet evaluation. To address these research gaps, we used an anatomically detailed head model with embedded fiber tracts to simulate fifty-one helmeted impacts, encompassing seventeen bicycle helmets under three impact conditions. We assessed the helmet performance based on four tract-related strains characterizing the normal and shear strain oriented along and perpendicular to the fiber tract, as well as the prevalently used MPS. Our results showed that both the helmet type and impact condition affected the strain peaks. Interestingly, we noted that helmets did not alter strain distribution, except for one helmet under one specific impact condition. Moreover, our analyses revealed that helmet ranking outcome based on strain peaks was affected by the choice of injury metrics (Kendall tau coefficient: 0.58 ~ 0.93). Significant correlations were noted between tract-related strains and angular motion-based injury metrics. This study provided new insights into computational brain biomechanics and highlighted the helmet ranking outcome was dependent on the choice of injury metrics. Our results also hinted that the performance of helmets could be augmented by mitigating the strain peak and optimizing the strain distribution with accounting the selective vulnerability of brain subregions.

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Motorcycle injuries: a systematic review for forensic evaluation

Giovannini,

Santelli,

Pelletti

et al. 2024

Int J Legal Med

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The intricate interplay of exposure and speed leave motorcyclists vulnerable, leading to high mortality rates. During the collision, the driver and the passenger are usually projected away from the motorcycle, with variable trajectories or final positions. Injuries resulting from the crash can exhibit distinct and specific characteristics depending on the circumstances of the occurrence.The aim of this study is to provide a systematic review of the literature on injuries sustained by motorcyclists involved in road accidents describing and analyzing elements that are useful for forensic assessment.The literature search was performed using PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science from January 1970 to June 2023. Eligible studies have investigated issues of interest to forensic medicine about during traffic accidents involving motorcycle. A total of 142 studies met the inclusion criteria and were classified and analyzed based on the anatomical regions of the body affected (head, neck, thoraco-abdominal, pelvis, and limb injuries). Moreover, also the strategies for preventing lesions and assessing injuries in the reconstruction of motorcycle accidents were examined and discussed.This review highlights that, beyond injuries commonly associated with motorcycle accidents, such as head injuries, there are also unique lesions linked to the specific dynamics of accidents. These include factors like the seating position of the passenger or impact with the helmet or motorbike components. The forensic assessment of injury distribution could serve as support in reconstructing the sequence of events leading to the crash and defining the cause of death in trauma fatalities.

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Evaluation of full-face, open-face, and airbag-equipped helmets for facial impact protection

Cited by 5 publications

References 34 publications

Unveiling the Vital Role of Critical Neck Protection Devices for Motorcycle Riders: A Review

Unveiling the Vital Role of Critical Neck Protection Devices for Motorcycle Riders: A Review

Peaks and Distributions of White Matter Tract-related Strains in Bicycle Helmeted Impacts: Implication for Helmet Ranking and Optimization

Motorcycle injuries: a systematic review for forensic evaluation

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