Evaluation of furanocoumarins from seeds of the wild parsnip (Pastinaca sativa L. s.l.)

Botanical Sources, Chemistry, Analysis, and Biological Activity of Furanocoumarins of Pharmaceutical Interest

“…The use of EtOAc, chloroform, dichloromethane, and petroleum ether has also been described in the literature [56,59,61,67,74,75,76,77,78]. Kvievis et al have recently evaluated the content of furanocoumarins in the seeds of P. sativa [79]. The authors prepared a raw extract by means of a simple maceration of the fresh seeds with pyridine, which has been partitioned with solvents with different polarity [79].…”

“…Kvievis et al have recently evaluated the content of furanocoumarins in the seeds of P. sativa [79]. The authors prepared a raw extract by means of a simple maceration of the fresh seeds with pyridine, which has been partitioned with solvents with different polarity [79]. The extraction efficiency of different solvents has been compared also by Peroutka et al on furanocoumarins from the peel and pulp of Citrus fruits, finding MeOH as the optimum solvent for the extraction of this class of compounds [9].…”

“…Solid-liquid extraction (SLE) with organic solvents by means of conventional extraction techniques still represents the most frequently used technique for the extraction of furanocoumarins from different plant material. In this ambit, static and dynamic maceration at room temperature from 30 min to 3 days have been used for both the extraction of furocoumarins for analytical purpose and for their isolation from different plant material, even if to a lesser extent [47,49,57,58,59,63,64,67,68,69,73,76,78,79]. Soxhlet extraction has been rarely applied in the ambit of the qualitative and quantitative analysis of furanocoumarins from different plant sources, since it represents a time and solvent consuming process, although it allows for an exhaustive extraction of the target compounds.…”

“…In this case, Soxhlet extraction and heat reflux extraction (HRE) have been widely applied with both polar and non-polar solvents [71,72,74,75,77]. After the extraction, furanocoumarins have been frequently isolated from the raw extracts by means of sequential silica gel column chromatography, eluted under normal phase conditions [66,69,70,71,72,75,76,77,78,79]. It is worth noting that preparative counter current chromatography has also been applied to achieve the final purification of furanocoumarins from Angelica dahurica and Toddalia asiatica (L.) Lam.…”

“…In particular, a careful investigation of the scientific literature on the subject shows how HPLC coupled to different detection systems is the most exploited analytical strategy for this purpose. As far as the identification of new compounds and qualitative profiling is concerned, the most frequently applied detection is represented by medium and high resolution mass spectrometry (MS, MS/MS, and HRMS) [38,50,58,59,70,73,76,79,81,84,85,86,87,88,89,90,91,92,93,94,95,96], while for quantitative targeted purposes, other detection systems have proved to be useful, such as ultraviolet (UV), diode array (DAD) [38,53,67,77,81,88,90,97], and fluorescence detection (FLD) [89,98,99,100]. The high selectivity provided by MS is essential for isomeric compounds, such as bergapten and xanthotoxins.…”