Evaluation of gas release rate through holes in pipelines

Methods and models in process safety and risk management: Past, present and future

“…The proposed model, named a slip model, provided acceptable results for flow behaviour, pressure and temperature profiles. Two mathematical source models: the hole model and pipe model, were developed to analyze the accidental gas release in a long transmission pipeline (Yuhua et al, 2002). The hole model was developed to analyze the gas release through a small hole, whereas the pipe model was more suitable for release through a hole corresponding to the complete breaking of the pipe.…”

Analysis of hazard areas associated with toxic cloud releases by pipelines

“…According to the consolidated models widely discussed in the literature [11], the initial maximum gas mass flow rate at the hole can be obtained from the continuity equation of the ideal gases law for isentropic expansion. If the pressure in the pipeline just inside an opening to the air is about 1.9 times greater than the atmospheric pressure, the flow will be sonic and can be estimated by the following equation:…”

Leakage Risk Assessment of CO2 Transportation by Pipeline at the Illinois Basin Decatur Project, Decatur, Illinois

“…From Figures 12 and 13, it can be seen how, for the two release-events considered, the instantaneous leakage rates at diverse times after beginning, are comparable. It is well known in fact that for high-pressure pipeline leakage events, the change in length of the pipe does not have much effect on the release rates at the beginning of the event, but rather modifies the overall duration of the release (Jo and Ahn, 2002;Yuhua et al, 2002). For the two scenarios of Figures 12 and 13, the main difference is in the duration of the leak.…”