Evaluation of Genetic and Environmental Parameters Determining Antibody Response Induced by Vaccination Against Foot and Mouth Disease

Abstract

Factors determining the variation in antibody response post foot and mouth disease virus (FMDV) vaccine were investigated in 395 sera samples of crossbred cattle maintained at the institute farm located in the temperate Himalayan region of India. Pre and post sera were tested using liquid phase blocking enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (LPBE) specific for serotypes O, A, and Asia1. All the pre-vaccination samples were unprotected and increase in the antibody titer was seen 28-day post-vaccination. All the samples were negative for infection status. Among the environmental determinants, cohort, season, and vaccination number proved to be significant sources of variation in the vaccine response (P \ 0.05). Adult animals ([1 year) were found to be significantly more protected than the younger animals (P \ 0.05). Cows in the first trimester of lactation showed reduced protection by vaccine that might be attributed to the weakening of immune system consequent to the stress of production and calving as well as increased metabolic demands typical of a postpartum cow. The estimates of heritability (±SE) for FMDV vaccine response for serotypes O, A, and Asia1 were 0.17 ± 0.07, 0.03 ± 0.06, and 0.05 ± 0.06, respectively, indicating little scope of improvement after mass selection.

Assessment of the antibody response to Peste des petits ruminants (PPR) disease vaccination in a flock of Sirohi goat kids

“…This finding is in conformity with the earlier reports where non-significant effect of sex was observed on antibody response to several antigens in large species such as bovine herpesvirus1 vaccination (Muggli et al, 1987), human erythrocytes and ovalbumin in dairy calves (Burton et al, 1989) and FMDV vaccination in crossbred cattle (Gowane et al, 2013). In contrast to these reports, highly significant effect of sex on total BRSV-IgG level after BRSV vaccination on day 35 and 49 was observed (O'Neill et al, 2006), where BRSV-IgG in the female calves were 1.2 fold higher than the male calves.…”

“…This was recommended so as to avoid window of susceptibility in kids to PPRV in the susceptible populations. Age associated responses have been described earlier for immunisation against antigens such as human serum albumin (Lie, 1979); keyhole limpet haemocyanin (Pollock et al, 1994); BRSV (O'Neill et al, 2006); Mycoplasma (Thomas et al, 1986); FMDV Vaccination (Baxter et al, 2010;Gowane et al, 2013).…”

“…We therefore observed considerable variability for vaccine elicited immune response in the Sirohi goat kids. Several reports on vaccine response (Newman et al, 1996;Poland and Jacobson, 1998;Raadsma et al, 1999;Tan et al, 2001;Sitte et al, 2002;Moreno et al, 2003;O'Neill et al, 2006;Leach et al, 2010;Baxter et al, 2010;Gowane et al, 2013) confirm the fact that vaccine response is variable in several populations.…”

“…It is possible that the vaccine induced protection across individuals is not homogenous, wherein, vaccine gives a complete protection for a proportion of individuals while rest acquire only incomplete (leaky) protection of varying magnitude (Mehtala et al, 2016). Vaccine response in the population has been reported to be variable for several diseases in humans as well as animals (Newman et al, 1996;Raadsma et al, 1999;Poland and Jacobson, 1998;Tan et al, 2001;Sitte et al, 2002;Moreno et al, 2003;O'Neill et al, 2006;Gowane et al, 2013). Mammalian antibody responses to vaccination are complex polygenic traits modified by environmental and host genetic factors (O'Neill et al, 2006).…”

Quantitative characteristics of the foot‐and‐mouth disease carrier state under natural conditions in India

“…Percentage of positivity values greater than 40 PP were considered to be positive by NSP‐ELISA, and log 10 titres greater than 1.8 were considered positive for LPB‐ELISA. For the purpose of this study, animals with a titre ≥1.8 by LPB‐ELISA were defined as “inferred protected” against that serotype, as has been previously established (Gowane et al., ; Rout et al., ).…”