Evaluation of genotoxic risk and oxidative DNA damage in mammalian cells exposed to mycotoxins, patulin and citrinin

Liu, Biing-Hui; Yu, Feng‐Yih; Wu, Tzu‐Chin; Li, Shuan‐Yow; Su, Mu-Chun; Wang, Mei-Chine; Shih, Shin-Mei

doi:10.1016/s0041-008x(03)00254-0

Cited by 182 publications

(87 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…Patulin is stable in an acidic environment and is not destroyed during thermal processing; therefore, it may exist in juices even after processing [5,6]. Patulin has been classified as a group 3 carcinogen, which means that there is no evidence of carcinogenicity in humans and that data in experimental animals on carcinogenesis is sparse [7], although a few studies have reported patulin to be both teratogenic and genotoxic [8,9]. Patulin toxicity is believed to be due to its reactions with sulphydryl groups, proteins and amino acids in the plasma membrane [10,11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mycotoxin Contamination of Beverages: Occurrence of Patulin in Apple Juice and Ochratoxin A in Coffee, Beer and Wine and Their Control Methods

Reddy

Abbas

Abel

et al. 2010

Toxins

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Abstract:Mycotoxins are toxic secondary metabolites produced under special conditions of moisture and temperature by aerobic, microscopic fungi that can colonize a variety of foods from before harvest up to consumer use. Contamination of beverages, including that of apple juice by patulin and coffee, beer and wine by ochratoxin A has gained worldwide interest in recent years with the revelation of the effect of these toxins on human health. Patulin and ochratoxin A, which are produced by species of Penicillium, Byssochlamys and Aspergillus, pose the greatest threat to human health and are subject to government regulation in juices and beverages worldwide. This review provides an overview of the prevalence of these mycotoxins in beverages and control methods which help in establishing and carrying out proper management strategies. A detailed investigation on OPEN ACCESSToxins 2010, 2 230 contamination of juices and beverages by toxic compounds helps to provide safe products for consumption and export, and they allow us to prioritize future research efforts.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mycotoxin Contamination of Beverages: Occurrence of Patulin in Apple Juice and Ochratoxin A in Coffee, Beer and Wine and Their Control Methods

Reddy

Abbas

Abel

et al. 2010

Toxins

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“…There are dozens of reports showing that high doses of citrinin act as a cytotoxin and nephrotoxin (Ambrose and DeEds, 1946;Friis et al, 1969;Krogh et al, 1970;Scott et al, 1972;Nelson et al, 1985;Aleo et al, 1991;Chagas et al, 1992aChagas et al, , 1992bDa Lozzo et al, 1998;Abramson et al, 2001;Liu et al, 2003;Yu et al, 2006;Bouslimi et al, 2008). In contrast, our results indicate a new role/implication for low-dose citrinin in health and disease.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 41%

“…The toxic effects of citrinin observed in vitro were reported in HEK 293 cells (Liu et al, 2005), mouse embryonic stem cells (Chan, 2008), CHO-K1 cells (Liu et al, 2003), and V79 cells (Pfeiffer et al, 1998). These studies used 10-100 μM citrinin to assess the toxic effects, with lower concentrations having no signifi cant effect (Pfeiffer et al, 1998).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Citrinin has also been identified as a contaminant in various types of human foods such as corn, wheat, rice, barley, maize, rye, oats and nuts (Scott et al, 1972;Nelson et al, 1985;Abramson et al, 2001). The toxicities of citrinin have been frequently reported as cytotoxic (50-220 μM, 24-72 hr as LC 50 , which depends on cell type) (Liu et al, 2003;Yu et al, 2006;Bouslimi et al, 2008) and nephrotoxic via swelling of the kidney and acute tubular necrosis (50-134 mg/kg orally as LD 50 , which depends on species) (Ambrose and DeEds, 1946;Friis et al, 1969;Krogh et al, 1970). The mechanism of citrinin toxicity is thought to involve mitochondrial dysfunction (Aleo et al, 1991;Chagas et al, 1992aChagas et al, , 1992bDa Lozzo et al, 1998).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Low doses of the mycotoxin citrinin protect cortical neurons against glutamate-induced excitotoxicity

et al. 2016

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-Citrinin, a natural mycotoxin that is found in fermented foods, is known as a cytotoxin and nephrotoxin. Exposure to high doses of citrinin result in apoptosis; however, the effects of low doses are not fully understood. Glutamate excitotoxicity is responsible for neuronal death in acute neurological disorders including stroke, trauma and other neurodegenerative diseases. Here, we show the neuroprotective effect of low doses of citrinin against glutamate-induced excitotoxicity. We examined the effect of citrinin exposure on glutamate-induced cell death in cultured rat cortical neurons under two conditions: simultaneous treatment with citrinin 0.1 to 1,000 nM and glutamate (30 μM) for 1, 3 hr; the same simultaneous treatment for 3 hr after pretreatment with citrinin for 21 hr. Both the MTT and immunocytochemical assay showed significant neuroprotective effects at several doses and exposure times tested. All concentrations of citrinin tested showed no remarkable cell death following 14-day exposure, and no marked alterations to synapses. These data suggest that low doses of citrinin can be used as a neuroprotective agent against glutamate-induced excitotoxicity without additional harmful cellular alterations.

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“…CTN has yielded both negative and positive scores in Ames tests and in in vitro comet assays [108][109][110][111] as well as positive scores in in vitro and in vivo chromosomal aberration tests 108,[112][113][114] . When groups of five male F344 rats were orally administered 40 and 20 mg CTN /10 mL/kg/day by gavage for two days there were no significant differences in tail intensity and tail length in comet assays of the CTN-treated groups.…”

Section: Genotoxicity and Carcinogenicity Testsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Possible Carcinogenic Mechanisms Underlying Renal Carcinogens in Food

Umemura

2014

Food Safety

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Some chemicals contained in foods originating from a variety of sources including natural plants, food additives, residual pesticides, mycotoxins and by-products created during food processing and/or cooking have previously been demonstrated to be carcinogenic at various sites in rodents. This review focuses on reported renal carcinogens in natural products such as d-limonene and aristolochic acid (AA), food additives such as potassium bromate (KBrO 3 ) and madder color (MC), as well as mycotoxins such as ochratoxin A (OTA) and citrinin (CTN) and discusses data from reporter gene mutation assays. In addition to in vivo genotoxicity, recent information on several factors related to chemical carcinogenesis, such as DNA modifications and cell proliferation, gave insight into possible modes of action that underlie renal carcinogenesis. Given that neither d-limonene nor CTN induced increases in mutant frequencies (MFs) in some reporter genes, cell proliferation at target sites arising from compensatory and/or direct mitogenic action may play a key role in the carcinogenic mechanism of these compounds. Clear positive results from reporter gene mutation assays for AA, MC and OTA strongly suggest that genotoxic mechanisms are involved in carcinogenesis induced by these agents. While KBrO 3 elevated MFs in the red/gam gene (Spi − ), it did so to a lower extent than did potent genotoxic carcinogens. Accordingly, the participation of genotoxic mechanisms in KBrO 3 -induced renal carcinogenesis may be limited.

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Evaluation of genotoxic risk and oxidative DNA damage in mammalian cells exposed to mycotoxins, patulin and citrinin

Cited by 182 publications

References 51 publications

Mycotoxin Contamination of Beverages: Occurrence of Patulin in Apple Juice and Ochratoxin A in Coffee, Beer and Wine and Their Control Methods

Mycotoxin Contamination of Beverages: Occurrence of Patulin in Apple Juice and Ochratoxin A in Coffee, Beer and Wine and Their Control Methods

Low doses of the mycotoxin citrinin protect cortical neurons against glutamate-induced excitotoxicity

Possible Carcinogenic Mechanisms Underlying Renal Carcinogens in Food

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