Evaluation of Geometry-Dependent Spray Hole Individual Mass Flow Rates of Multi-Hole High-Pressure GDI-Injectors Utilizing a Novel Measurement Setup

Miller, Maximilian; Kuhnhenn, Maximilian; Samerski, Ingo; Lamanna, Grazia

doi:10.4271/2020-01-2123

Cited by 2 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 12 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Assuming an equal speed of sound c inside both chambers, a relative mass flow rate can be calculated by the ratio of back pressure increases only. A detailed description of this setup and the data reduction schemes applied depending on the governing flow conditions can be found in [3]. For each operating point, the total and the relative mass flow rates were averaged over the quasi-steady phase of 200 injections.…”

Section: Mass Flow Rate Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This approximation is well justified for typically symmetric layouts of diesel injectors but might no longer be accurate in a typical GDI situation. Combining spray-hole-individual mass flow rate measurements, obtained from our recently presented extension of the hydraulic pressure rise method [3], with equally spray-hole-individual momentum flux measurements overcomes this limit. It makes a detailed characterisation of the bulk flow properties in highly asymmetric injectors possible.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Characterisation of Internal Flow Conditions in GDI Injectors by Means of Spray-Hole-Individual Mass Flow Rate and Momentum Flux Measurements

Miller

Leick

et al. 2021

ICLASS

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

High-pressure multi-hole injectors for gasoline direct injection (GDI) engines allow a flexible optimisation of the individual spray hole properties to specific engines and combustion strategies. One degree of freedom within this spray targeting process is the mass flow rate of each spray plume, which is mainly controlled by the corresponding spray hole diameter. As a first approximation, it can safely be assumed that the flow rate scales with the spray hole crosssectional area, but due to the complex flow pattern within the valve seat, some deviations are likely to occur. This was investigated using four specially designed real-size research injectors with two almost identical spray holes -except for their diameters, one of them constant and the other variable. Combining the results of spray-hole-individual mass flow rate and spray force measurements, the spray-hole-individual discharge coefficients can be separated into area and velocity coefficients. Under the choked flow conditions typical of GDI, the discharge and area coefficients increase while the velocity coefficients decrease as spray holes become smaller. At the same time, the flow inside the unaltered spray hole is affected as well, although the discharge coefficient remains constant because of reciprocal trends between the area and velocity coefficients.

show abstract

Section: Mass Flow Rate Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterisation of Internal Flow Conditions in GDI Injectors by Means of Spray-Hole-Individual Mass Flow Rate and Momentum Flux Measurements

Miller

Leick

et al. 2021

ICLASS

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

Injected Fuel Mass and Flow Rate Control in Internal Combustion Engines: A Systematic Literature Review

Ferrari,

Gurrì,

Vento

2024

Energies

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Advancements in fuel injection systems have dramatically improved the precision of controlling injected fuel mass or flow rate; a key factor in optimizing internal combustion engine (ICE) performance, emissions control, and fuel efficiency. This review systematically analyzes 145 scientific research papers from the last two decades, including older foundational works, tracing the evolution of injected mass control from early Bosch and Zeuch meters to advanced machine learning or physical models. This study draws upon research collected from the most reputable databases. Through both qualitative and quantitative analyses, the state-of-the-art of these systems is presented, and key innovations are highlighted regarding advanced control algorithms and real-time feedback mechanisms under various operational conditions such as high or transient loads and multi-stage injection strategies. Special attention is given to challenges in maintaining precise control with alternative fuels like biodiesel, hydrogen, or synthetic fuels, which exhibit different physical properties compared to traditional fuels. The findings emphasize the need for further research on injection control, especially in light of stringent emissions regulations. Improving these systems for next-generation ICEs is a key point for achieving cleaner, more efficient combustion and bridging the sustainability gap between traditional and future mobility solutions.

show abstract

Evaluation of Geometry-Dependent Spray Hole Individual Mass Flow Rates of Multi-Hole High-Pressure GDI-Injectors Utilizing a Novel Measurement Setup

Cited by 2 publications

References 12 publications

Characterisation of Internal Flow Conditions in GDI Injectors by Means of Spray-Hole-Individual Mass Flow Rate and Momentum Flux Measurements

Characterisation of Internal Flow Conditions in GDI Injectors by Means of Spray-Hole-Individual Mass Flow Rate and Momentum Flux Measurements

Injected Fuel Mass and Flow Rate Control in Internal Combustion Engines: A Systematic Literature Review

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About