Evaluation of gingival and periodontal status in obese and non-obese type II diabetic patients – a cross sectional study

Abstract

Objective. The aim of this study was to evaluate gingival and periodontal status in obese and non-obese type II Diabetic Patients.
 Methods. The study population comprised of 75 subjects visiting the outpatient department of our institution, divided into three different groups, group 1 (obese diabetic), group 2 (non-obese diabetic), and group 3 (obese, non-diabetic). Diabetic status was assessed with HbA1c values and obesity status was assessed by body mass index (BMI) score greater than or equal to 30 kg/m2. Gingival and periodontal status were assessed using the Gingival Index (GI) and Community Periodontal Index (CPI) respectively.
 Results. The mean gingival index score in group 1, group 2, and group 3 were 1.58, 1.54, and 1.25, respectively. Gingival status was poor among obese and non-obese diabetic subjects [Groups 1 & 2] when compared with obese non-diabetic patients [Group – 3]. The periodontal status showed that periodontal pockets were increased in diabetic obese group (15.4%), followed by diabetic non obese (4.66%), and non-diabetic obese (2%) group respectively and loss of attachment was severe in diabetic obese group (60.7%), followed by diabetic non obese (45.9%) and non-diabetic obese (15.3%) respectively.
 Conclusion. Gingival and periodontal status was poor in the obese diabetic group compared to non-obese diabetic and obese non diabetic group. Hence, the risk of gingivitis and periodontitis in obese diabetic patients should be addressed earlier to prevent further complications and achieve a good oral health status.

Methylglyoxal-Dependent Glycative Stress Is Prevented by the Natural Antioxidant Oleuropein in Human Dental Pulp Stem Cells through Nrf2/Glo1 Pathway

“…Given that the oral cave is the gateway for these substances into our body, knowledge of the effects generated by agents favoring glycative stress is important in order to prevent oral tissues damage. Similarly, MG and MG-derived AGEs may be important contributing factors to the dental pulp pain that often appears in diabetic patients (diabetic odontalgia) [ 25 , 26 ], being circulating and tissue MG levels very higher in this human metabolic pathology [ 50 ]. These high levels of MG and MG-AGEs could even be responsible of the failure rate of some treatments used for curing oral cave diseases such as apical periodontitis particularly evident in patients with diabetes [ 51 , 52 ].…”

“…Moreover, some in vivo observations have pointed out the accumulation of MG in some biological fluids from the gingival crevicular fluid of chronic periodontitis patients [ 20 ] that can also be conveyed by bacterial infections [ 21 ], dietary compounds [ 22 ], and cigarette smoke or aerosols from nicotine delivery systems (NDS) (Electronic Cigarette and Heat-not-burn tobacco product IQOS) [ 23 , 24 ]. Notably, numerous clinical and experimental studies have highlighted the presence of a strong association between periodontitis, which represents the most common pathology of the oral cave in the adult population, and some systemic diseases, in particular, diabetes and obesity [ 25 , 26 ], which, as mentioned before, are characterized by increased levels of MG and MG-derived “glycative stress” onset.…”

Development and Evaluation of Essential Oil-Based Nanoemulgel Formulation for the Treatment of Oral Bacterial Infections

“…Periodontitis is a chronic inflammatory illness in which the supporting components of the teeth, such as the periodontal ligament and alveolar bone, are destroyed. In the general population, severe periodontitis affects 10% to 15% of the population [ 7 ].…”