Evaluation of ginsenoside bioconversion of lactic acid bacteria isolated from kimchi

Abstract

BackgroundPanax ginseng is a physiologically active plant widely used in traditional medicine that is characterized by the presence of ginsenosides. Rb1, a major ginsenoside, is used as the starting material for producing ginsenoside derivatives with enhanced pharmaceutical potentials through chemical, enzymatic, or microbial transformation.MethodsTo investigate the bioconversion of ginsenoside Rb1, we prepared kimchi originated bacterial strains Leuconostoc mensenteroides WiKim19, Pediococcus pentosaceus WiKim20, Lactobacillus brevis WiKim47, Leuconostoc lactis WiKim48, and Lactobacillus sakei WiKim49 and analyzed bioconversion products using LC-MS/MS mass spectrometer.ResultsL. mesenteroides WiKim19 and Pediococcus pentosaceus WiKim20 converted ginsenoside Rb1 into the ginsenoside Rg3 approximately five times more than Lactobacillus brevis WiKim47, Leuconostoc lactis WiKim48, and Lactobacillus sakei WiKim49. L mesenteroides WIKim19 showed positive correlation with β-glucosidase activity and higher transformation ability of ginsenoside Rb1 into Rg3 than the other strains whereas, P. pentosaceus WiKim20 showed an elevated production of Rb3 even with lack of β-glucosidase activity but have the highest acidity among the five lactic acid bacteria (LAB).ConclusionGinsenoside Rg5 concentration of five LABs have ranged from ∼2.6 μg/mL to 6.5 μg/mL and increased in accordance with the incubation periods. Our results indicate that the enzymatic activity along with acidic condition contribute to the production of minor ginsenoside from lactic acid bacteria.

Panax notoginseng saponins modulate the gut microbiota to promote thermogenesis and beige adipocyte reconstruction via leptin-mediated AMPKα/STAT3 signaling in diet-induced obesity

“…The gut microbiota has been extensively investigated due to its involvement in the pharmacological activities of PNS 21 , 23 , 24 , 59 , 60 . Our findings showed that the anti-obesity effects of PNS were mediated by the gut microbiota in DIO mice, in accordance with previous clinical studies, which showed the anti-obesity effects of ginsenosides are dependent on the gut microbiota of obese women patients 22 , 61 .…”

“…PNS exert lipid-lowering effects by improving the biosynthesis of bile acids from cholesterol and increasing hepatic fatty acid β-oxidation 18 , and its antioxidative and anti-inflammatory effects are involved in its anti-hyperglycemic effects in diabetic mice 19 , 20 . The gut microbiota has important influences based on its activation of metabolites and pharmacological activities 21 , which have been extensively investigated 22 . PNS have low drug permeability 23 , which results in poor intestinal absorption into the human body, and are thus able to come into contact with the gut microflora for a longer time 23 , 24 .…”

Characterization of transcriptional response of Lactobacillus plantarum under acidic conditions provides insight into bacterial adaptation in fermentative environments

“…Bacterial strain and culture. A bacterial strain was previously isolated from kimchi and identified previously 5,8,38,39 . Lactobacillus plantarum wikim18, Leuconostoc lactis WiKim48, Pediococcus pentosaceus WiKim20, Lactobacillus sakei WiKim49, Leuconostoc mesenteroides WiKim19, Weissella confusa WiKim29, and Lactobacillus brevis WiKim47 were used in this experiment.…”

Identification of 2-hydroxyisocaproic acid production in lactic acid bacteria and evaluation of microbial dynamics during kimchi ripening

“…All bacteria were isolated from homemade kimchi and identified by 16 S rDNA sequencing 42 . The identified 16 S rRNA gene sequences were deposited in NCBI GenBank under accession nos.…”