Evaluation of Glutaraldehyde, Chloramine-T, Bronopol, Incimaxx Aquatic® and Hydrogen Peroxide as Biocides against Flavobacterium psychrophilum for Sanitization of Rainbow Trout Eyed Eggs

Grasteau, Alexandra; Daniel, Thomas Guiraud Patrick; Chesneau, Ségolène Calvez Valérie

doi:10.4172/2155-9546.1000382

Cited by 13 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…The control of these diseases is complicated by the multiple modes of propagation of F. psychrophilum which can survive in freshwater for long periods (Madetoja et al, 2003 ) and is not only horizontally transmitted but also vertically or pseudo-vertically transmitted (Brown et al, 1997 ; Madsen and Dalsgaard, 2008 ; Kumagai and Nawata, 2010a ). Moreover, egg disinfection using the standard povidone-iodine treatment is poorly efficient, making this route of pathogen propagation particularly difficult to control (Taylor, 2004 ; Kumagai and Nawata, 2010b ; Grasteau et al, 2015 ). Despite extensive research on vaccine development (Plant et al, 2009 ; Gómez et al, 2014 ) and the recent marketing authorization of a vaccine in some countries, treatment still essentially relies on antibiotic administration (Schmidt et al, 2000 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genomic Diversity and Evolution of the Fish Pathogen Flavobacterium psychrophilum

et al. 2018

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Flavobacterium psychrophilum, the etiological agent of rainbow trout fry syndrome and bacterial cold-water disease in salmonid fish, is currently one of the main bacterial pathogens hampering the productivity of salmonid farming worldwide. In this study, the genomic diversity of the F. psychrophilum species is analyzed using a set of 41 genomes, including 30 newly sequenced isolates. These were selected on the basis of available MLST data with the two-fold objective of maximizing the coverage of the species diversity and of allowing a focus on the main clonal complex (CC-ST10) infecting farmed rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) worldwide. The results reveal a bacterial species harboring a limited genomic diversity both in terms of nucleotide diversity, with ~0.3% nucleotide divergence inside CDSs in pairwise genome comparisons, and in terms of gene repertoire, with the core genome accounting for ~80% of the genes in each genome. The pan-genome seems nevertheless “open” according to the scaling exponent of a power-law fitted on the rate of new gene discovery when genomes are added one-by-one. Recombination is a key component of the evolutionary process of the species as seen in the high level of apparent homoplasy in the core genome. Using a Hidden Markov Model to delineate recombination tracts in pairs of closely related genomes, the average recombination tract length was estimated to ~4.0 Kbp and the typical ratio of the contributions of recombination and mutations to nucleotide-level differentiation (r/m) was estimated to ~13. Within CC-ST10, evolutionary distances computed on non-recombined regions and comparisons between 22 isolates sampled up to 27 years apart suggest a most recent common ancestor in the second half of the nineteenth century in North America with subsequent diversification and transmission of this clonal complex coinciding with the worldwide expansion of rainbow trout farming. With the goal to promote the development of tools for the genetic manipulation of F. psychrophilum, a particular attention was also paid to plasmids. Their extraction and sequencing to completion revealed plasmid diversity that remained hidden to classical plasmid profiling due to size similarities.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genomic Diversity and Evolution of the Fish Pathogen Flavobacterium psychrophilum

et al. 2018

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“…The DRT curve is fitted to a series of log D T values corresponding to their inactivation temperatures. The linear equation of such a DRT curve is fitted to the multiple logarithmic D T values as a function of inactivation temperature ( 15 ). This linear equation acts as the predicted D T model where the independent and dependent variables are inactivation temperature and D T , respectively.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermal Inactivation of African Swine Fever Virus in Swill

Nuanualsuwan

Songkasupa²,

Boonpornprasert³

et al. 2022

Front. Vet. Sci.

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The indirect transmission of the African swine fever virus (ASFV) is through contaminated fomite, feed ingredients, pork- and pig-derived products, including swill, as ASFV is highly stable within suitable organic material. Some previous studies have indicated that ASFV outbreaks were associated with swill feeding, particularly in smallholder pig farms. These outbreaks emphasize the significance of the appropriate heat treatment of swill to eliminate ASFV residual titer. The World Organization for Animal Health (OIE) recommended the heat treatment of swill at a temperature of at least 90°C for at least 60 min, with continuous stirring, while the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) recommended heat treatment at 70°C for 30 min. The lack of scientific evidence regarding ASFV inactivation by heat treatment of swill leads to such inconsistent recommendations. Therefore, the objectives of this study were to assess the thermal inactivation of ASFV in three swill formulae and to develop a DT model to predict DT at some other inactivation temperatures. The significant reduction of ASFV in swill occurred at temperatures as low as 60°C. DT or decimal reduction time (DRT) is defined as the time required to reduce the virus titer by 1 log, and this was also used as a comparative index of heat resistance. The mean D60, D70, D75, and D80 of ASFV in three swill formulae were in the ranges 23.21–33.47, 5.83–10.91, 2.15–2.22, and 1.36–1.47 min, respectively. These DT could be widely used for any nutritive composition of swill other than the three swill formulae in this study since there was no statistical difference of all DT of ASFV across three swill formulae. Based on D70 and the predicted D90 from the DT model in this study, including the highest ASFV titer in pork products, the calculated inactivation times at 70 and 90°C were 119 and 4 min, respectively.

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“…The DRT curve is derived from fitting multiple values of D T on a semi-logarithmic scale across inactivation temperatures tested. The linear equation of the DRT curve is fitted to log D T (DRT) as a function of inactivation temperature 16 . This linear equation is the D T model.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermal inactivation of African swine fever virus in feed ingredients

Songkasupa¹,

Boonpornprasert²,

Suwankitwat³

et al. 2022

Sci Rep

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African swine fever virus (ASFV) causes a fatal infectious disease affecting domestic pigs and wild boars. ASFV is highly stable and easily transmitted by consumption of contaminated swine feed and pork products. Heat treatment of feed ingredients is a means to minimize the risk of contamination through swine feed consumption. The objectives of this study were to determine the thermal inactivation of ASFV in non-animal and animal origin feed ingredients. The rate of thermal inactivation is represented by decimal reduction time (DT) or time required to reduce ASFV per 1 log at temperature T. The mean D60, D70, D80 and D85 of meat and bone meal (MBM), soybean meal (SBM), and maize grain (MZ) are in the ranges 5.11–6.78, 2.19–3.01, 0.99–2.02, and 0.16–0.99 min, respectively. DT is used to compare the heat resistance of ASFV in the feed ingredient matrices. The mean DT of ASFV in MBM, SBM and MZ was not statistically significant, and the heat resistance of ASFV in MBM, SBM, and MZ was not different at 60, 70, 80, or 85 °C. The multiple DT was used to develop a DT model to predict DT at various inactivation temperatures. The DT models for MBM, SBM, and MZ are log DT = − $$\left( {\frac{T}{32.08}} \right)$$ T 32.08 + 2.69, log DT = − $$\left( {\frac{T}{31.77}} \right)$$ T 31.77 + 2.55, and log DT = − $$\left( {\frac{T}{18.96}} \right)$$ T 18.96 + 4.01. To expand and ease the field applications, a spreadsheet predicting the DT and the inactivation time (with 95% confidence interval) from these DT models is available to download.

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Evaluation of Glutaraldehyde, Chloramine-T, Bronopol, Incimaxx Aquatic® and Hydrogen Peroxide as Biocides against Flavobacterium psychrophilum for Sanitization of Rainbow Trout Eyed Eggs

Cited by 13 publications

References 35 publications

Genomic Diversity and Evolution of the Fish Pathogen Flavobacterium psychrophilum

Genomic Diversity and Evolution of the Fish Pathogen Flavobacterium psychrophilum

Thermal Inactivation of African Swine Fever Virus in Swill

Thermal inactivation of African swine fever virus in feed ingredients

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