Evaluation of gunshot residue (GSR) evidence: Surveys of prevalence of GSR on clothing and frequency of residue types

Hannigan, Thomas J.; McDermott, Seán D.; Greaney, Claire M.; O’Shaughnessy, John; O’Brien, Cliona M.

doi:10.1016/j.forsciint.2015.08.003

Cited by 35 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…Lucas et al similarly observed characteristic PbBaSb particles in only 0.3% of samples collected randomly from volunteers in two Australian jurisdictions and PbSb particles in 8%. The probability of finding one or two 3‐component particles on clothing by chance may be as small as 0.02% .…”

Section: Transfermentioning

confidence: 99%

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Fate and Behavior of Gunshot Residue—A Review

Blakey

Sharples

Chana

et al. 2017

Journal of Forensic Sciences

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A review of the literature concerning the fate and behavior of gunshot residue (GSR) is presented. A number of concomitant parameters including firearm and ammunition type, plume and GSR material characteristics, travel distances, chemical composition and GSR morphology are critically discussed in relation to their effects on the distribution and deposition, transfer and persistence processes of GSR. The underlying mechanisms associated with such processes are also considered. Knowledge of these processes on GSR materials could provide valuable information concerning scene preservation and subsequent forensic sampling. The number of GSR particles deposited can vary significantly with each firearm discharge, highlighting the potential to produce distinctive data in each individual case. With the continual development and compositional changes of new ammunition types, further evaluation of the effect these processes may have on GSR evidence and their possible influence on the interpretation of the analytical results should be given due consideration.

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Section: Transfermentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The persistence of GSR following a firearm discharge was investigated as early as 1959 by Harrison and Gilroy . A number of authors have highlighted the impact that every day and subconscious actions may have on the level of persistence of GSR on individuals’ hands and clothing . GSR on shooters hands, hair, and clothing is finite.…”

Section: Persistencementioning

confidence: 99%

Fate and Behavior of Gunshot Residue—A Review

Blakey

Sharples

Chana

et al. 2017

Journal of Forensic Sciences

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“…It is well documented that postdischarge activities are the leading causes of particle loss . GSR contamination seen on the rear seats in a number of the vehicles may be explained by the reduced activity levels experienced in these areas.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fate and Behavior of Gunshot Residue: Recreational Shooter Vehicle Distribution

Blakey

Sharples

Chana

et al. 2019

Journal of Forensic Sciences

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The susceptibility for recreational shooters to transfer gunshot residue (GSR) to both the interior and exterior of a vehicle is investigated. A comprehensive sampling protocol was used to assess the most likely areas of GSR transfer from recreational shooter contact, such as the steering wheel and the area, the firearms were stored (the trunk). Up to 315 characteristic GSR, particles were found in several locations throughout the interior of a vehicle. As many as 876 characteristic particles were found throughout a single vehicle. The data indicate that vehicles frequently occupied by firearms users are a potential source for inadvertent transfer of GSR to persons unrelated to firearm activity. In criminal cases where vehicles have been used, such transfer processes for GSR need to be considered within the context of any case interpretation. The implications for subsequent contamination and transfer processes from such vehicles require further investigation.

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“…There are a few more studies investigating the background frequency of GSR [39][40][41]. The keyword "frequency of occurrence" is also listed three times, once by Hannigan et al [42] and twice by Brozek-Mucha et al [43,44], whose studies involved surveying participants immediately after discharging a weapon. These studies are also complementary to other studies by the same authors investigating the persistence of GSR on hands [41,45].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reviewing Research Trends—A Scientometric Approach Using Gunshot Residue (GSR) Literature as an Example

et al. 2020

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The ability to manage, distil and disseminate the significant amount of information that is available from published literature is fast becoming a core and critical skill across all research domains, including that of forensic science. In this study, a simplified scientometric approach has been applied to available literature on gunshot residue (GSR) as a test evidence type aiming to evaluate publication trends and explore the interconnectivity between authors. A total of 731 publications were retrieved using the search engine ‘Scopus’ and come from 1589 known authors, of whom 401 contributed to more than one research output on this subject. Out of the total number of publications, only 35 (4.8%) were found to be Open Access (OA). The Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) for years 2006 and 2016 reveals a much higher growth in publications relating to GSR (8.0%) than the benchmark annual growth rate of 3.9%. The distribution of a broad spectrum of keywords generated from the publications confirms a historical trend, in particular regarding the use of analytical techniques, in the study of gunshot residue. The results inform how relevant information extracted from a bibliometric search can be used to explore, analyse and define new research areas.

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Evaluation of gunshot residue (GSR) evidence: Surveys of prevalence of GSR on clothing and frequency of residue types

Cited by 35 publications

References 16 publications

Fate and Behavior of Gunshot Residue—A Review

Fate and Behavior of Gunshot Residue—A Review

Fate and Behavior of Gunshot Residue: Recreational Shooter Vehicle Distribution

Reviewing Research Trends—A Scientometric Approach Using Gunshot Residue (GSR) Literature as an Example

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