This research focuses
on the production and characterization of
pristine polyacrylonitrile (PAN) as well as halloysite nanotube (HNT)-doped
PAN ultrafiltration (UF) membranes via the phase inversion technique.
Membranes containing 0.1, 0.5, and 1% wt HNT in 16% wt PAN are fabricated,
and their chemical compositions are examined using Fourier transform
infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) is
utilized to characterize the membranes’ surface and cross-sectional
morphologies. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) is employed to assess
the roughness of the PAN/HNT membrane. Thermal characterization is
conducted using thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) and differential
thermal analysis (DTA), while contact angle and water content measurements
reveal the hydrophilic/hydrophobic properties. The pure water flux
(PWF) performance of the porous UF water filtration membranes is evaluated
at 3 bar, with porosity and mean pore size calculations. The iron
(Fe), manganese (Mn), and total organic carbon (TOC) removal efficiencies
of PAN/HNT membranes from dam water are examined, and the surfaces
of fouled membranes are investigated by using SEM post-treatment.
Mechanical characterization encompasses tensile testing, the Mori–Tanaka
homogenization approach, and finite element analysis. The findings
offer valuable insights into the impact of HNT doping on PAN membrane
characteristics and performance, which will inform future membrane
development initiatives.