Evaluation of hand dishwashing formulations

Mizuno, W. G.; Lanners, F. T.; Wilson, Jill L.

doi:10.1007/bf02639676

Cited by 10 publications

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“…Manual tests (2,5,6,7) are also frequently used in which detergency and foaming properties are observed simultaneously. On the surface this would appear to be the ultimate type of test since these are the conditions under which the user makes his decision.…”

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confidence: 99%

Qualitative foam stability evaluation of hand dishwashing detergents

Leenerts

Myers

1957

J Americ Oil Chem Soc

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Summary A technique utilizing a common household washer for the evaluation of the foaming properties of hand dishwashing detergents has been developed, which has been shown to correlate well with blind‐product consumer‐testing. In contrast with many tests now in use this procedure incorporates the use of a variety of soil ingredients which may be present in actual home and institutional dishwashing practice, namely, fats, egg, vegetable juice, starches, etc. The design of the test equipment makes possible the simultaneous observation of two products or formula variations, thereby permitting the use of a standard of measurement for relative comparisons. Photographing the test at designated time‐intervals makes it possible to study the character of the foams after the completion of the evaluation. The test measures the properties of initial foam build‐up and stability to soil and has shown good reproducibility.

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confidence: 99%

Qualitative foam stability evaluation of hand dishwashing detergents

Leenerts

Myers

1957

J Americ Oil Chem Soc

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Detergency

Lynn¹

2000

Kirk-Othmer Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology

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Many factors determine the ultimate effectiveness of a cleaning system. Knowledge of the substrate to be cleaned, the soil to be removed, the nature of the bath, and the detergent formulation is required to adequately describe the cleaning process. Home laundering, for example, involves removal of particulate or oily soils from textiles of varying compositions in an aqueous bath. Formulated detergents, added to the bath or fabric, significantly affect this process. Hard surface cleaning involves the removal of soil from a nonporous substrate, normally assisted by a detergent formulation. Detergent formulations differ in complexity, depending on the particular application for which they are designed and the variability in conditions under which they are expected to perform. Laundry detergents can require high water softening capability and therefore significant levels of water softeners. The replacement of phosphate has led to much research and development activity and increased numbers of choices in determining the most suitable formulations for a given purpose. The type and concentration of surfactant is another primary factor in determining the formulation. Measurement of cleaning efficacy can be done by several methods, ranging from the subjective (panelists rating) to more objective ones, such as reflectometry. Performance profiles are then used to determine more efficient formulations. Once the formulation is identified and deemed ready for commercialization, it must be manufactured. Liquids can be mixed simply by addition of the ingredients to water. The historic method of mixing ingredients for powders is to blend in a crutcher and spray dry in a hot tower. The resulting particle typically dissolves easily because of its porous structure. The formulations also must meet or surpass existing/potential health, safety, and environmental issues. With an understanding of all the appropriate factors involved in detergency, the formulator can more quickly and efficiently determine the optimum formulations to meet the specified objectives.

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Detergency and Detergents

Lynn¹

2009

Kirk-Othmer Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology

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The cleaning of a solid object, ie, the removal of unwanted foreign matter from its surface, is done by methods ranging from simple mechanical separation such as blotting or abrasion to removal by solution or selective chemical action. The term detergency is limited to systems in which a liquid bath is present and is the main cleaning component of the system. The cleaning is enhanced by the presence in the bath of a special solute, the surfactant, which alters interfacial effects at the various boundries within the system. Thus, a typical detersive system consists of a solid object to be cleaned, called the substrate; soil or dirt attached to it, which is to be removed; and a liquid bath. A meaningful discussion of detergency requires a definition of clean.This article gives details on the mechanisms of detergency, how clean is determined, and the factors influencing detergency. Components of a detergent consist of surfactants, builders (zeolites has been used to replace phosphates, which are not environmentally neutral), bleaching agents, enzymes, antimicrobial agents, etc. Detergency is measured for laundry, metal cleaning, hard surface, glassware and dishwashing, and organic surfaces procedures.Detergent manufacture includes processes for spray‐dried products, nontower applications, agglomeration, and tableting. Health and safety as well as environmental impacts are considered, As a class, surfactants and detergent products are the most widely used and under most conditions, detergents are not hazardous to their users. Product types are listed.

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Evaluation of hand dishwashing formulations

Cited by 10 publications

References 0 publications

Qualitative foam stability evaluation of hand dishwashing detergents

Qualitative foam stability evaluation of hand dishwashing detergents

Detergency

Detergency and Detergents

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