Evaluation of heavy metal contamination and groundwater quality along the Red Sea coast, southern Saudi Arabia

Alfaifi, Hussain J.; El‐Sorogy, Abdelbaset S.; Qaysi, Saleh; Kahal, Ali Y.; Almadani, Sattam; Alshehri, Fahad; Zaidi, Faisal K.

doi:10.1016/j.marpolbul.2021.111975

Cited by 77 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…Ca 2+ is correlated positively with Na + , Cl − , and SO 4 2− , indicating that the dissolution of gypsum is a possible source of the ion levels in groundwater (Li et al 2016a;Zhang et al 2018b;Wu 2020). Moreover, a strong positive correlation exists between SO 4 2− and Ca 2+ , Mg 2+ , Na + , and Cl − , implying a common source of these ions (Alfai et al 2021). A positive correlation exists between…”

Section: Hm Concentrations and Pollution Indicesmentioning

confidence: 92%

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Evaluation of groundwater quality in central Saudi Arabia using hydrogeochemical characteristics and pollution indices

Alharbi

El‐Sorogy

Qaysi

et al. 2021

Environ Sci Pollut Res

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The groundwater quality and heavy metal contamination were evaluated in thirty palm farms, central Saudi Arabia using pollution indices, irrigation quality parameters, and multivariate statistical analyses. The results showed that the average values of TDS, Ca + , Na + , K + , Cl − , SO 4 2− , and F − were greater than the permissible limits of the WHO standards for drinking water. The groundwater facies types were Ca-Na-SO 4 -Cl (23 samples), Ca-Cl-SO 4 , (4 samples), and Ca-SO 4 -Cl type (3 samples). The groundwater quality index indicated that 15 groundwater samples were of good quality and 15 were of poor quality, whereas the metal index and heavy metal pollution index indicated that all samples were categorized as slightly affected and with low pollution, respectively. The variation is attributed to the increasing average values of some ions and decreasing HMs. The dissolution/precipitation of silicates, gypsum, and carbonates, and soil leaching were the natural factors affecting groundwater chemistry, whereas higher PO 4 3− , NO 3 − , F − , Pb, and Zn values in some samples may be attributed to human activities from the extensive use of fertilizers and pesticides on the investigated farms.

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Section: Hm Concentrations and Pollution Indicesmentioning

confidence: 92%

“…Statistical analyses were conducted using SPSS software. Principal component analysis (PCA), Pearson's correlation coe cients, and hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA; Q and R-modes) were used to identify the possible sources of HMs in the groundwater samples investigated (Alfai et al 2021;Alshehri et al 2021).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of groundwater quality in central Saudi Arabia using hydrogeochemical characteristics and pollution indices

Alharbi

El‐Sorogy

Qaysi

et al. 2021

Environ Sci Pollut Res

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Section: Hm Concentrations and Pollution Indicesmentioning

confidence: 92%

“…Cl − , implying a common source of these ions (Alfai et al 2021). A positive correlation exists between No 3 − and HCO 3 − , indicating anthropogenic factors, especially agricultural activities, which are controlled enhanced weathering (Adimalla and Li 2018).…”

Section: Hm Concentrations and Pollution Indicesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of groundwater quality in central Saudi Arabia using hydrogeochemical characteristics and pollution indices

Alharbi

El‐Sorogy

Qaysi

et al. 2021

Preprint

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The groundwater quality and heavy metal contamination were evaluated in thirty palm farms, central Saudi Arabia using pollution indices, irrigation quality parameters, and multivariate statistical analyses. The results showed that the average values of TDS, Ca + , Na + , K + , Cl − , SO 4 2− , and F − were greater than the permissible limits of the WHO standards for drinking water. The groundwater facies types were Ca–Na–SO 4 –Cl (23 samples), Ca–Cl–SO 4 , (4 samples), and Ca–SO 4 –Cl type (3 samples). The groundwater quality index indicated that 15 groundwater samples were of good quality and 15 were of poor quality, whereas the metal index and heavy metal pollution index indicated that all samples were categorized as slightly affected and with low pollution, respectively. The variation is attributed to the increasing average values of some ions and decreasing HMs. The dissolution/precipitation of silicates, gypsum, and carbonates, and soil leaching were the natural factors affecting groundwater chemistry, whereas higher PO 4 3− , NO 3 − , F − , Pb, and Zn values in some samples may be attributed to human activities from the extensive use of fertilizers and pesticides on the investigated farms.

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“…Typical areas of heavy metal pollution include heavily polluted enterprise land, industrial wasteland, industrial parks, mining areas, agricultural land, wage irrigation areas, and both sides of trunk highways (Zhou et al, 2007;Zhou et al, 2008;Jiao et al, 2015;Srivastava et al, 2017;Liu et al, 2014;Yan et al, 2007;Xi et al, 2011). The pollution of groundwater by heavy metals is often associated with the pollution of soil (Alfaifi et al, 2021). Under the action of precipitation, irrigation, water carried by itself and fluctuation of groundwater level, soil heavy metals penetrate into the envelope and pollute groundwater directly.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Soil column experiment and numerical simulation research of Pb migration process in the groundwater fluctuation zone based on HYDRUS

Jiang²,

Zhang³

et al. 2022

Front. Environ. Sci.

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Groundwater level fluctuation alters hydrodynamic conditions and hydrogeochemical action, thus affecting the migration and transformation of pollutants. This study investigated the effect of groundwater level fluctuations on Pb migration processes. We selected two typical media, coarse sand and medium sand, for the soil column experiments and numerical simulations of the Pb migration process in the groundwater level fluctuation zone. The soil column experiments showed that when the contaminants were distributed at a 30–40 cm depth in the soil column, the Pb migrated into the water in the range of 20–45 cm in coarse sand, while the range of Pb migration in medium sand decreased to 30 cm–40 cm. We constructed a numerical model of Pb migration in the aeration zone–saturation zone coupled with water transport and solute transport by HYDRUS-1D. The model simulated the migration process of Pb in different amplitude and frequency of water level fluctuation and initial concentration of pollutants. The results showed that the coarse sand column and medium sand column showed relatively noticeable changes in Pb concentration in water at 30–40 cm and 30–35 cm, respectively. The migration range and concentration of Pb in water are proportional to the medium particle size and the frequency of water level fluctuation, and inversely proportional to the magnitude of water level fluctuation. The Pb concentration in the water increased or decreased as the initial pollutant concentration of the medium increased or decreased. Its variation is basically the same as the variation of the initial contaminant concentration. The research results can provide a scientific basis for the remediation of heavy metal pollution in groundwater.

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Evaluation of heavy metal contamination and groundwater quality along the Red Sea coast, southern Saudi Arabia

Cited by 77 publications

References 40 publications

Evaluation of groundwater quality in central Saudi Arabia using hydrogeochemical characteristics and pollution indices

Evaluation of groundwater quality in central Saudi Arabia using hydrogeochemical characteristics and pollution indices

Evaluation of groundwater quality in central Saudi Arabia using hydrogeochemical characteristics and pollution indices

Soil column experiment and numerical simulation research of Pb migration process in the groundwater fluctuation zone based on HYDRUS

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