Evaluation of Heavy Metal Contamination in Soil Samples around Rampal, Bangladesh

Abstract

Rising soil pollution has recently emerged as a significant global issue as a result of increased industrialization, urbanization, and inadequate waste management. In Rampal Upazila, soil contamination with heavy metals resulted in a significant deterioration of quality of life and life expectancy, so the study's goal is to appraise the level of heavy metal contamination in soil samples. Inductively coupled plasma−optical emission spectrometry was used to identify 13 heavy metals (Al, Na, Cr, Co, Cu, Fe, Mg, Mn, Ni, Pb, Ca, Zn, and K) from 17 soil samples that were collected at random from Rampal. Enrichment factor (EF), geo-accumulation index (I geo ), contamination factor (CF), pollution load index, elemental fractionation, and potential ecological risk analysis were used to evaluate the level of pollution and sources of metal. The average concentration of heavy metals implies that they are below in the permissible limit except for Pb. Environmental indices also showed the same result for Pb. The ecological risk index (RI) for six elements�Mn, Zn, Cr, Fe, Cu, and Pb�is 26.575. For investigating the behavior and origin of elements, multivariate statistical analysis was also applied. From the EF, Na, Cr, Fe, and Mg are in the anthropogenic region, and Al, Co, Cu, Mn, Ni, Ca, K, and Zn are minorly polluted, but Pb is highly contaminated in the Rampal area. The geo-accumulation index exhibits that Pb is slightly contaminated but others are not, while CF shows no contamination in this region. From the ecological RI, the value which is below 150 is called uncontaminated, which indicates that our studied area is ecologically free. There are various classifications of heavy metal contamination in the study area. Therefore, regular monitoring of soil pollution is required, and the public awareness needs to be raised to ensure a safe environment.

Assessment of Possibly Toxic Elements in Landfill Soils and Their Impacts on the Ecosystem in Alice, South Africa

“…This study's findings corroborate the outcomes published by Abdullah et al (2019), where they reported the metal concentrations to be elevated and recorded above the permissible limits suggested by the WHO [24]. Parvez and colleagues (2023) documented the elevated levels of Al, Co, Fe, and Pb in soil samples [17]. Meanwhile, the most substantial average levels in various soil categories for Ca, Mg, K, Na, and Mn were identified by Khan and Shah in 2023 [25].…”

“…A notable positive statistically significant correlation was observed between Fe, Mg, Al, and K, while Fe correlated statistically significantly negatively with Ca concentration. A robust association among the detected metallic elements suggests their shared provenance within the studied area, with their alignments influenced by similar determining factors [17]. Conversely, a significant negative correlation was found between calcium (Ca) and Al, Na, Mg, and K. These data indicate that these elements originated from a shared source throughout the study area.…”

Evaluation of Heavy Metals in Roadside Soil of Tumfure Main Market, Gombe State

“…These concentrations were found to be higher when compared to the investigation by (Abdullahi et al, 2016) (soil from the vicinity of a kaolin milling plant); (Chanda and Gupta.,2021) (soil from an industrial area of Gida) whose Zn concentrations were in the range 0.42 to 6.37 mg/kg and 0.52 to 4.00 mg/kg respectively. This could be attributed to anthropogenic activities, atmospheric depositions and urbanization (Abdullahi et al, 2016;Govil et al, 2001;Parvez et al, 2023). However, the concentrations of Zn derived from this research were found to be lesser when compared to investigation by (Tüzen, 2003) for heavy metals in soils collected at Tokat, Turkey, near high-density traffic and textile plant roads whose concentrations were 60±5 and 74±6 (mg/kg) respectively.…”

“…It was also recorded that Zn concentrations in soils collected at the vicinity of an Aluminium plant in Tajikistan, Slovakia, and Hungary; separate farmlands located in the western part of Nasarawa State, Nigeria was in the range 34.14 to 89.25 mg/kg and 10.51 to 27.40 mg/kg (Mohammad et al, 2023;Rasulov et al, 2020) were comparable to the Zn concentrations in this study. The findings by (Wei et al, 2011) and (Parvez et al, 2023) revealed that Zn concentrations in soils collected from the vicinity of a mining area located in China and Rampal Power Station in Bangladesh were higher and in the range 42.3 to 148.4 mg/kg and 6.7 to 74.6 mg/kg respectively. The investigation carried out by (Magaji et al, 2020) revealed similar characteristics for the concentration of Zn.…”

Simultaneous detection of mercury and cadmium ions: A colorimetric method in aqueous media

“…Water and soil contamination has always been a noticeable matter in environmental studies, leading to the developing and designing heavy metal ions receptors [ [1] , [2] , [3] , [4] ]. Mercury is a highly toxic metal [ [5] , [6] , [7] ] and its compounds are used in various industries and present in wastewaters, which can accumulate in living organisms.…”