Evaluation of Hemocompatibility of Titanium after Various Surface Treatments: An in vitro Study

Abstract

Objective To evaluate the hemocompatibility of titanium after various surface treatments. Materials and methods A total of 27 disk-shaped specimens (3 ⨯ 10.0 mm) were prepared from a cylindrical rod of medical grade titanium. The disks were divided into three groups, of which one was considered as the control (mechanical surface polished surface). The other groups being sandblasted disks and anodized disks. Surface evaluation was done for sandblasted and anodized disks with scanning electron microscope. The specimens were placed in polystyrene culture plates and agitated with phosphate buffered saline for 5 minutes before they were exposed to blood taken from human volunteer. The materials were under 30 minutes agitation at 75 ± 5 rpm using an Environ shaker thermostated at 35 ± 20°C. The total hemoglobin from the initial sample was measured using automatic hematology analyzer. Percentage hemolysis, thrombin time, platelet adhesion and activation were assessed. Significant differences between different treated titanium materials were determined using Minitab® Version 15.1.1.0. A two-sample t-test was performed to find the p-values for different groups of data. Results After 30 minutes of agitation, cells began to spread on the test surfaces. There was a clear reduction in the number of platelets before and after exposure to titanium samples. Reduction of leukocytes was seen to a least extent on the anodized surface. Rough surface induced higher hemolysis than other groups. Platelet reduction and leukocyte reduction in all the three surfaces was quite higher than that obtained for reference plate. Surface variation has no significance on the thrombogenic capabilities of medical grade titanium (p < 0.05). Significance The hemocompatibility of medical grade titanium did not vary with different surface modifications. How to cite this article BhavanChand Y, Ranzani R, Annapoorani H. Evaluation of Hemocompatibility of Titanium after Various Surface Treatments: An in vitro Study. Int J Prosthodont Restor Dent 2012;2(4):136-142.

Effect of Atomic-Layer-Deposited Hydroxyapatite Coating on Surface Thrombogenicity of Titanium

“…Increased surface roughness at the nanoscale level has been reported to enhance platelet adhesion and blood coagulation [29,39]. However, BhavanChand and co-workers [40] reported contradicting results that surface roughness does not influence platelet adhesion. On the other hand, our study showed that platelets could adhere on both surfaces with slightly more preference for the ALD-HA-coated surfaces, which had lower surface roughness.…”

An In Vitro Study to Evaluate and Compare the Hemocompatibility of Titanium and Zirconia Implant Materials after Sandblasted and Acid Etched Surface Treatment

“…An in vitro study was conducted by Bhavanchand et al 4 to evaluate the titanium's hemocompatibility after surface treatment. The hemocompatibility test showed a reduction in the platelet count, but was under ISO standards, after exposing to titanium samples.…”

“…3 the implant's success rate depends on its biocompatibility and osseointegration. 4 Biocompatibility may be divided into hemocompatibility (blood) and cytocompatibility (cell and tissue). The biocompatibility depends on the survival of the cell affected by the material usage.…”