Evaluation of Herbicide Efficacy, Injury, and Yield in White Lupin (Lupinus albus L.)

Abstract

White lupin is of increasing interest in the southeastern United States US as a winter legume cover crop or as mid-winter forage for ruminants. White lupins are poor weed competitors during early establishment, making effective weed control necessary however, only three herbicides are currently registered for use in lupin. "n experiment was conducted at two "labama sites in and to evaluate herbicide efficacy provided by ten preemergence PRE and nine postemergence POST herbicides as well as lupin injury and yield. Overall, PRE applied herbicides, particularly imazethapyr, linuron, and flumioxazin, caused less crop injury than POST herbicides while providing ≥ % control of annual bluegrass, corn spurry, heartwing sorrel, henbit, and lesser swinecress six weeks after application. Grass-active herbicides, fluazifop and sethoxydim, provided greater than % of annual bluegrass control without causing unrecoverable lupin damage. Imazethapyr applied POST controlled shepherd's purse % to % , cutleaf evening-primrose % to % , and wild radish % to % without lupin injury. POSTdirected spray applications of glyphosate and flumioxazin provided good weed control of corn spurry % to % and winter vetch % to % but caused significant crop injury due to drift. In general, grain yields were only reduced with the use of chlorimuron, diclosulam, glyphosate, and thifensulfuron. This research suggests there are several herbicides not currently registered that could be beneficial for use in US lupin production.

Effect of Different Herbicides on Development and Productivity of Sweet White Lupine (Lupinus albus L.)

“…Pre-emergence herbicides, including flumioxazin, caused less crop damage than post-emergence herbicides, and were 80-98% effective against hemp-nettle (Galeopsis tetrahit L.) and 71-95% effective against hairy vetch (Vicia villosa Roth.) [24]. Similarly, in earlier experiments, involving common vetch (Vicia sativa L.), the plots treated with flumioxazin showed the lowest average phytotoxicity score of 1.81, and produced a higher yield compared to the control, so this herbicide resulted in the best performance [41].…”

“…Lupine's competitiveness with weeds is low due to its slow growth, which allows the weeds to overtake it, especially on sandy soils [18,19], and in the case of white lupine, when sown early [20].…”

“…Sencor (metribuzin) was applied to different lupine varieties in a mixture of Brodal (diflufenican) and Simazine (simazine) herbicides [23]. The efficiency of flumioxazin also was evaluated in lupine through preand post-emergence application in Alabama during the years 2007 and 2008 [24].…”

“…In recent years, there have been very few published papers on lupine weed control [16,20,[23][24][25][26][27][28]. Based on the results of these papers, our research experiments included those active substances that they have tested, and we considered them as prospects in our region.…”