Evaluation of Histopathological and Hematological Effects of Neonicotinoid (Acetamiprid 20% SP) on Grass Carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella)

Abstract

Pesticides are usually used as an effective tool to control pests in agriculture; however, these chemicals may be a threat to nontarget organisms, especially aquatic organisms, because aquatic environments are the last station of pollutants. The present study evaluated the toxicity of a commercial formulation of neonicotinoid (acetamiprid 20% SP) as a systematic pesticide on the survival, hematology, and histology of the grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella). For these purposes, 105 fingerlings of the grass carp with an average body weight of 30 ± 2 g were exposed to 0, 50, 100, 150, and 200 mg·L−1 of acetamiprid for 96 h. According to the data, a clear mortality was observed as the concentration of acetamiprid elevated ( P < 0.01 ). The LC50 96 h of acetamiprid was 121.146 mg·L−1. The hematological parameters in fish changed, following exposure to acetamiprid ( P < 0.05 ). Also, a strong correlation was found between acetamiprid concentrations and stress bioindicators such as glucose, total protein, albumin, and cholesterol ( P < 0.01 ). There was not significant tissue damage in the control group (0 mg·L−1 of acetamiprid); however, acetamiprid led to tissues lesions such as hypertrophy, hyperplasia, uplifting of gill filaments, necrosis of gill epithelial cells, pyknosis and karyorrhexis of liver cells, and hemorrhage and necrosis of liver cell. Finally, acetamiprid-exposed fish exhibited some clinical signs including unbalanced swimming near the water surface, increasing operculum movement, and deaths with open-mouthed. The results of the present study clearly showed the survival-reducing effects of acetamiprid in C. Idella, which may return to tissue damage and stress induced by the pesticide. The results of the present study can be used as a base for future studies and environmental management.

Exposure to neonicotinoid pesticides induces physiological disorders and affects color performance and foraging behavior in goldfish

“…However, the physiological damage to the fish was more pronounced after 3 weeks, when the pesticide concentration of THM in the water was low and little significant changes in blood properties were observed. Our results show that damage caused by NEOs, at least THM and DT, cannot be easily improved even if the concentration of pesticides in water is reduced, and also suggest that it is extremely difficult to grasp the effects of neonicotinoid‐based insecticides for animals from blood properties, though many research on the changes of blood properties have been made to understand the effects of NEOs (Azadikhah et al., 2023 ; Bojarski & Witeska, 2020 ; Euony et al., 2020 ; Hong et al., 2018 ).…”