The permeability
coefficient of tailings in tailings ponds, which
can affect the release and migration of heavy metals in tailings,
also affects the stability of dams by affecting the variation of the
height of the saturation line. In this paper, tailings at different
levels in a tailings pond were taken as research objects to measure
the particle size and permeability coefficient of the tailings. At
the same time, CT scanning technology and three-dimensional reconstruction
were used to establish the three-dimensional model of the tailings,
and the permeability coefficient of the tailings was analyzed from
a mesostructural point of view. The results show the following: (1)
The particle size of the tailings in the tailings pond decreased rapidly
with the increase of distance from the discharge port. When the distance
exceeded 8 m, a sudden change occurred, and the decreasing trend obviously
slowed down. The particle size of tailings decreased, the compactness
increased, and the permeability coefficient decreased gradually. (2)
Statistics and analysis of the mesostructure affecting the permeability
coefficient of tailings: the error between the calculated value and
the measured value of the particle size and porosity of the three-dimensional
reconstruction model was small, which proved that the model had high
reliability. The porosity, sphericity, and particle size of the tailings
were consistent and decreased with the increase of distance from the
discharge port. The number of pore branches and nodes of the tailings
increased with the increase of the distance from the discharge port,
while the average radius and length of the pores decreased. The fragmentation
index can characterize the pore channel connectivity of the tailings,
which has a high negative linear correlation with the number of pore
branches and a positive quadratic curve correlation with the average
branch length of the pores. (3) Based on the Kozeny–Carman
equation and data regression analysis method and combined with the
results of permeability coefficient measurements, the fragmentation
index was introduced into the Kozeny–Carman equation. Also,
a modified model for calculating the permeability coefficient of the
tailings was established based on the mesostructure parameters. By
comparing the measured values of the tailings’ permeability
coefficient, the error range was 1.91–13.24%. The research
results have important theoretical significance for the prevention
and control of heavy metal pollution and the stability of tailings
ponds.