Evaluation of Humoral Immune Response after SARS-CoV-2 Vaccination Using Two Binding Antibody Assays and a Neutralizing Antibody Assay

Nam, Minjeong; Seo, Jong Mo; Moon, Hee‐Won; Kim, Hyeong-Su; Hur, Mina; Yun, Yeo-Min

doi:10.1128/spectrum.01202-21

Cited by 26 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 32 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Kang et al reported that seropositive rates after 1st and 2nd inoculation were 66.8% and 98.0% for AZD1222 (AstraZeneca, UK), and 87.5% and 100% for BNT162b2 vaccine [ 22 ]. Nam et al [ 24 ]. also reported that seropositive rates of AZD1222 (AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK) vaccine were 68.8 and 97.3% after 1st and 2nd inoculation, similar to those reported by Kang et al However, in the case of BNT162b2, the positivity rate after the 1st inoculation was 96.6%, which was significantly higher than that of Kang et al [ 22 ] (87.5%).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Neutralizing Antibody Responses after Two Doses of ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine (AZD1222) in Healthcare Workers

et al. 2022

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background The kinetics of neutralizing antibodies against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) play an important role in evaluating vaccine efficacy and durability, herd immunity, additional vaccination, and prediction models of immune protection against coronavirus disease 2019. Materials and Methods Serum collection times were 4 and 8 weeks after 1st inoculation of AZD1222 (AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK), and 2 and 16 weeks after 2nd inoculation with 12-week dosing intervals. Neutralizing antibody (Nab) titers were measured indirectly using commercially available R-FIND SARS-CoV-2 Neutralizing Antibody ELISA Kit (SG Medical Inc., Seoul, Korea). Possible influences of gender, age, and adverse events on neutralizing antibody titer were also investigated. Results Nab titers (median inhibition %) started to decrease shortly after reaching peaks. This decrease was more pronounced in the elderly group (≥56 years) than in the young group (≤39 years) at 8 weeks (49.5% vs. 55.4%, P = 0.021) and 16 weeks (40.6% vs. 53.9%, P = 0.006) after the 1st and 2nd inoculation. And Nab titers were inversely correlated with age in the 8-week (r = -0.2091, P = 0.0284) and the 28-week group (r = -0.2811, P = 0.0029). Seropositive conversion of Nab reached 89.1% and 100% following 1st and 2nd inoculation. This 100% seropositivity was dropped sharply to 74.5% after 16 weeks. Compared to subjects without adverse events (51.8%), median inhibition was higher in subjects with one or more systemic adverse events (74.2%, P = 0.0203) or those with one or more local and systemic adverse events (77.1%, P = 0.0003). Conclusion Nab induced by AZD1222 (AstraZeneca, UK) vaccination started to degrade shortly after the production period. Nab titers were lower in the elderly than in younger group during the degradation period. This seems to be because the degradation process of Nab is more pronounced in the elderly. This may explain why the frequency of breakthrough infections, disease severity, and mortality were higher in the elderly and may require revaccination to ensure robust immunity.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Many papers have reported that AZD1222 (AstraZeneca, UK) has lower vaccine efficacy and/or Nab production rate compared to RNA vaccines [ 22 24 26 27 ]. The most important determinant of producing a high level of Nab is SARS-CoV-2 infection itself.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Neutralizing Antibody Responses after Two Doses of ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine (AZD1222) in Healthcare Workers

et al. 2022

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The value of this study is that there were few studies showing the assessment of concordance by the time point of sample collection taken from the same subjects. From the early period of test development, there were attempts to evaluate the humoral immunity at a specific time point [ 28 ] or serial change over time by comparing multiple tests including our previous study [ 24 ]. However, few studies had evaluated the change up to just before the third dose of a vaccine.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For cPASS, the indicators of neutralization were confirmed for 183, 314, and 253 samples from each point, which were included for comparison analysis, whereas some samples with sCOVG and CoV-2 IgG II results not paired with cPASS were included in the result distribution analysis only. As described in a previous study [ 24 ], the blood samples were collected into Vacuette CAT serum clot activator (Greiner Bio-One, Kremsmunster, Austria) and centrifuged at 1977× g for 10 min, and the serum was aliquoted into two microcentrifuge tubes and stored at −80 °C until measured in four test systems as described below.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Automated immunoassays targeting RBD-binding antibodies have also been developed as alternative indicators of humoral immunity [ 14 , 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 ]. The titer of the binding antibody correlates with the neutralization of the neutralizing antibody [ 23 , 24 ]. Therefore, it is expected to be an alternative indicator for semi-automated and semiquantitative neutralization tests.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Comparison of Four Systems for SARS-CoV-2 Antibody at Three Time Points after SARS-CoV-2 Vaccination

et al. 2022

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background: Immunity against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) wanes over time after vaccination. Methods: We compared SARS-CoV-2 antibody levels in serial samples from 350 vaccinated individuals at 3 time points (3 weeks after the first or second dose and before the third dose) with 4 assays: GenScript cPASS SARS-CoV-2 neutralization antibody detection kits (cPASS), Siemens SARS-CoV-2 IgG (sCOVG), Abbott SARS-CoV-2 IgG II Quant (CoV-2 IgG II), and an Immuno-On™ COVID-19 IgG test (Immuno-On IgG). Antibody levels by time, concordance between assays, and values from other tests corresponding to the percent inhibition results in cPASS were assessed. Results: The median values at three time points were 49.31%, 90.87%, and 53.38% inhibition for cPASS, 5.39, 13.65, and 2.24 U/mL for sCOVG, 570.25, 1279.65, and 315.80 AU/mL for CoV-2 IgG II, and 223.22, 362.20, and 62.20 relative units (RU) for Immuno-On IgG. The concordance with cPASS at each time point ranged from 0.735 to 0.984, showing the highest concordance in the second sample and lowest concordance in the third in all comparative tests. The values corresponded to 30% inhibition, and the cutoffs of cPASS, were 2.02 U/mL, 258.6 AU/mL, and 74.2 RU for each test. Those for 50%, 70%, and 90% inhibition were 3.16, 5.66, and 8.26 U/mL for sCOVG, while they were 412.5, 596.9, and 1121.6 AU/mL for CoV-2 IgG II and 141.8, 248.92, and 327.14 RU for Immuno-On IgG. Conclusions: This study demonstrated the dynamic changes in antibody values at different time points using four test systems and is expected to provide useful baseline data for comparative studies and standardization efforts in the future.

show abstract

SARS-CoV-2 spike protein antibody titers 6 months after SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccination among patients undergoing hemodialysis in Japan

et al. 2022

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) vaccination is shown to prevent severe illness and death in hemodialysis (HD) patients, but the immune response to vaccines is reduced in this population. This study compared SARS-CoV-2 spike protein antibody titers between HD patients and healthy controls in Japan for up to 6 months following vaccination. Methods A multi-institutional retrospective study at five clinics in Japan was conducted using 412 HD patients and 156 healthy controls who received two doses of the BNT162b2 (Pfizer-BioNTech) mRNA vaccine. Anti-SARS-CoV-2 spike protein S1 IgG antibody titers were measured at 1, 3, and 6 months after the second dose. The attenuation speed was calculated as slope (i.e., – β ) using a linear mixed-effects model toward the log-transformed antibody titers. Results The HD group had significantly lower month 1 antibody titers (Ab-titer-1) than the controls, and these remained lower through month 6 (95% CI: 2617.1 (1296.7, 5240.8) vs. 7285.4 (4403.9, 11,000.0) AU/mL at Ab-titer-1, and 353.4 (178.4, 656.3) vs. 812.0 (498.3, 1342.7) AU/mL at Ab-titer-6 ( p < 0.001, respectively)). Lower log Ab-titer-1 levels in the HD group were significantly associated with a lower log Ab-titer–6 (0.90 [0.83, 0.97], p < 0.001). The – β values in the HD patients and healthy controls were –4.7 ± 1.1 and –4.7 ± 1.4 (year −1 ), respectively. Conclusion SARS-CoV-2 spike protein antibody titers were significantly lower in HD patients than in healthy controls at 1 (peak) and 6 months after the second vaccination. Low peak antibody titers contributed to low 6-month antibody titers. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s10157-022-02243-8.

show abstract

Evaluation of Humoral Immune Response after SARS-CoV-2 Vaccination Using Two Binding Antibody Assays and a Neutralizing Antibody Assay

Cited by 26 publications

References 32 publications

Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Neutralizing Antibody Responses after Two Doses of ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine (AZD1222) in Healthcare Workers

Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Neutralizing Antibody Responses after Two Doses of ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine (AZD1222) in Healthcare Workers

Comparison of Four Systems for SARS-CoV-2 Antibody at Three Time Points after SARS-CoV-2 Vaccination

SARS-CoV-2 spike protein antibody titers 6 months after SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccination among patients undergoing hemodialysis in Japan

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About