Evaluation of Hybrid Commercial Building Models for Grid Interactive Building Simulations

Abbas, Akintonde; Ariwoola, Raheem; Kamalasadan, Sukumar; Chowdhury, Badrul

doi:10.1109/naps52732.2021.9654794

Cited by 2 publications

(5 citation statements)

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“…Each building is assumed to be served by a centralised HVAC system with variable air volume (VA) reheat systems. Each thermal zone in each building is modelled using the two‐node equivalent thermal parameters model shown in Equations ()–() and discussed in our previous work [18].

\begin{array}{r}\hfill {C}_{i,z}\frac{d{T}_{i,z}}{dt}=\frac{1}{{R}_{ie,z}}\left({T}_{e,z}-{T}_{i,z}\right)+{Q}_{c,z}+{Q}_{rh,z}+{Q}_{D,z}+\\ \hfill {Q}_{\mathit{infil,z}}+\sum\limits _{j=1}^{J}\frac{1}{{R}_{j,z}}\left({T}_{j,z}-{T}_{i,z}\right)\end{array}

{Q}_{c,z}={c}_{a}\dot{{m}_{z}}\left({T}_{s}-{T}_{i,z}\right)

{C}_{e,z}\frac{d{T}_{e,z}}{dt}=\frac{1}{{R}_{ie,z}}\left({T}_{i,z}-{T}_{e,z}\right)+\frac{1}{{R}_{ea,z}}\left({T}_{a}-{T}_{e,z}\right)

…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In other words, the mixed air ratio is 0.5. Reference [18] contains a detailed discussion of the fan and chiller models, which the interested reader can consult.

{Q}_{\mathit{cool}}={Q}_{\mathit{sen,cool}}+{Q}_{\mathit{lat,cool}}

{Q}_{\mathit{sen,cool}}=c\left({T}_{\mathit{mix}}-{T}_{s}\right)\sum\limits _{z=1}^{n}{m}_{z}

{T}_{\mathit{mix}}=\frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{\sum\limits _{z=1}^{n}{T}_{i,z}}{n}+{T}_{a}\right)

{Q}_{\mathit{lat,cool}}=l\left({H}_{a}-{H}_{s}\right)\sum\limits _{z=1}^{n}{m}_{z}

{P}_{\mathit{chiller}}={c}_{\mathit{ind}}\left({a}_{0}{T}_{a}+{a}_{1}{H}_{a}+{a}_{2}{Q}_{\mathit{cool}}\right)

P_{fan} = k_{2} {falsetrue}_{\sum}^{z = 1}

…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Each building is assumed to be served by a centralised HVAC system with variable air volume (VA) reheat systems. Each thermal zone in each building is modelled using the two-node equivalent thermal parameters model shown in Equations (3a)-(3c) and discussed in our previous work [18].…”

Section: Commercial Hvac Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In other words, the mixed air ratio is 0.5. Reference [18] contains a detailed discussion of the fan and chiller models, which the interested reader can consult.…”

Section: Commercial Hvac Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Under the no‐optimisation case, the buildings in the facility are simulated based on heuristics and typical building operation strategies. For the HVAC system, the detailed operating algorithm is discussed in our previous work [18]. The interested reader is referred to this paper for additional details.…”

Section: Case Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Reducing carbon emissions and energy costs in multi‐building facilities: A Co‐optimisation approach

Abbas

Chowdhury

2023

IET Energy Syst Integration

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Commercial buildings remain one of the most significant consumers of energy. As such, any sustainable pathway to a zero‐emissions future will need to pay close attention to emissions reduction in commercial buildings. An interesting category of commercial buildings is the multi‐building commercial facility with different buildings collocated within a defined geographical area, serving different purposes and containing varying equipment types. While most existing facility management approaches focus on minimising energy costs and emissions at the level of each building, this work considers a different perspective where energy and emissions are co‐optimised across all buildings within the facility. Illustrative case studies based on a multi‐building facility consisting of individual buildings adapted from the United States Department of Energy's (DOE) Commercial Reference Buildings database are considered. Different diurnal and seasonal variations in building usage are also considered. Simulations are run using a Python‐based commercial building simulation toolbox. Results indicate that the co‐optimisation approach can indeed provide superlinear emissions reductions and energy cost savings while satisfying predefined comfort limits compared to when each building is separately optimised.

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\begin{array}{r}\hfill {C}_{i,z}\frac{d{T}_{i,z}}{dt}=\frac{1}{{R}_{ie,z}}\left({T}_{e,z}-{T}_{i,z}\right)+{Q}_{c,z}+{Q}_{rh,z}+{Q}_{D,z}+\\ \hfill {Q}_{\mathit{infil,z}}+\sum\limits _{j=1}^{J}\frac{1}{{R}_{j,z}}\left({T}_{j,z}-{T}_{i,z}\right)\end{array}

{Q}_{c,z}={c}_{a}\dot{{m}_{z}}\left({T}_{s}-{T}_{i,z}\right)

{C}_{e,z}\frac{d{T}_{e,z}}{dt}=\frac{1}{{R}_{ie,z}}\left({T}_{i,z}-{T}_{e,z}\right)+\frac{1}{{R}_{ea,z}}\left({T}_{a}-{T}_{e,z}\right)

…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In other words, the mixed air ratio is 0.5. Reference [18] contains a detailed discussion of the fan and chiller models, which the interested reader can consult.

{Q}_{\mathit{cool}}={Q}_{\mathit{sen,cool}}+{Q}_{\mathit{lat,cool}}

{Q}_{\mathit{sen,cool}}=c\left({T}_{\mathit{mix}}-{T}_{s}\right)\sum\limits _{z=1}^{n}{m}_{z}

{T}_{\mathit{mix}}=\frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{\sum\limits _{z=1}^{n}{T}_{i,z}}{n}+{T}_{a}\right)

{Q}_{\mathit{lat,cool}}=l\left({H}_{a}-{H}_{s}\right)\sum\limits _{z=1}^{n}{m}_{z}

{P}_{\mathit{chiller}}={c}_{\mathit{ind}}\left({a}_{0}{T}_{a}+{a}_{1}{H}_{a}+{a}_{2}{Q}_{\mathit{cool}}\right)

P_{fan} = k_{2} {falsetrue}_{\sum}^{z = 1}

…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Commercial Hvac Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In other words, the mixed air ratio is 0.5. Reference [18] contains a detailed discussion of the fan and chiller models, which the interested reader can consult.…”

Section: Commercial Hvac Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Case Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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