Silver speciation is an important
step for any program aiming to
provide precise insights into the chemical transformation and evaluate
the biological toxicity. Nonetheless, reliable speciation by easy-to-use
and sensitive analytical approaches is still challenging for silver
in natural waters at environmentally relevant levels. Herein, this
study established a simple, fast, and robust analysis approach combining
protein corona-mediated extraction with inductively coupled plasma
mass spectrometry analysis to selectively separate nanoscale silver
(n-Ag) from waters and sensitively quantify its mass concentration.
Bovine serum albumin (BSA) was selected as the extractant to form
protein corona on the n-Ag surface, followed by the selective extraction
of n-Ag with addition of Na2S2O3.
After the optimization of the extraction solvent concentration (i.e.,
50 mg/L BSA), pH (i.e., 4.0), extraction time (i.e., 5 min), inorganic
salt concentration (i.e., 1% m/v NaNO3), and incubation
temperature and time (i.e., 80 °C and 45 min), acceptable recoveries
of the spiked n-Ag (67.3–83.1%) were achieved in three environmental
samples with a detection limit of 0.95 ng/L. The interference from
natural humic acid, salinity, and other particles could be efficiently
negligible. Transmission electron microscopy analysis showed that
no size and/or shape changes were observed after extraction, making
this approach attractive in practical application. Compared with the
conventional cloud point extraction method, this new method exhibited
superior selectivity to n-Ag at environmentally relevant levels in
waters. Consequently, our work offers a promising way to highly enrich
and sensitively quantify n-Ag in complex water matrices, which will
allow the improvements to track the nanoparticles in the environment,
promote the research on the environmental behaviors of n-Ag, and better
evaluate its risk to the environment and human health.