Evaluation of <i>Galium</i> species and populations using morphological characters and molecular markers

Deroo, A C; Eckstein, P. E.; Benaragama, Dilshan; Beattie, Aaron D.; Willenborg, Christian J.

doi:10.1111/wre.12336

Cited by 6 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…This implies that germination characteristics are genetically determined rather than environmentally selected. Because all western Canadian populations included in this study exhibited similar base temperatures, this study provides further evidence that these populations are composed only of G. spurium, as shown by De Roo et al (2019). We suggest the low base temperature of G. spurium may, at least in part, be a significant contributor to its predominance in western Canada, where very low spring and fall temperatures are common.…”

Section: Fall Emergencesupporting

confidence: 73%

“…Nevertheless, all populations in our study had base temperatures consistent with the known reference population of G. spurium, which further confirms that all western Canadian populations of Galium spp. are G. spurium (De Roo et al 2019). Further, the results suggest that local selection has not created a divergence in the base temperature of Galium spp.…”

Section: Germination Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 83%

“…Seeds of each population were obtained from a seed plant at each location (Table 1; Figure 1). Germination of these populations was compared with germination of two known populations of G. aparine and G. spurium (De Roo et al 2019).…”

Section: Determination Of Base Temperaturementioning

confidence: 99%

“…In most cases, both Galium species are commonly identified as "cleavers" (Hübner et al 2003;Reid and Van Acker 2005), because they have common growth patterns and are difficult to distinguish visually. However, De Roo et al (2019) sampled several Galium spp. populations from across western Canada and based on molecular and morphological analyses, determined all populations were G. spurium.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Further, many previous germination studies used G. aparine from European locations, but most Galium spp. populations in western Canada are G. spurium (De Roo et al 2019). It cannot be assumed that the base temperature reported in previous studies with G. aparine would be the same as that for G. spurium.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Recruitment biology of cleavers (Galium spp.) populations in western Canada

Roo

Tozzi²,

Benaragama³

et al. 2022

Weed Sci

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Two species of cleavers Galium aparine L. and Galium spurium L. are known to inhabit croplands in western Canada. The latter is the more abundant of the two species. An increased abundance of these species over the most recent decades warrants a more comprehensive understanding of their developmental phenology and the cause of this increase. This study aimed to identify the base temperature and emergence characteristics of Galium spp. across different populations from western Canada. A thermal gradient plate experiment was conducted using five G.spurium populations collected from various Saskatchewan (SK) and Alberta (AB) locations. One known G.aparine reference sample was also included. A common garden experiment was conducted using the six cleaver populations to determine emergence characteristics. The base germination temperature identified was 2 C for all populations of G. spurium and was 4 C for G. aparine. The median germination temperature for G. aparine was 8.34 C, whereas G. spurium had a similar median germination temperature of 6.5 C. Despite similar germination characteristics, the field emergence study revealed differences between populations’ initiation of emergence (150-250 Growing Degree Days (GDD)) and time to 50% emergence (275-470 GDD) in spring. Highly variable emergence among years and populations within the year (200-600 GDD in 2013 and 100-200 GDD in 2014) were observed during fall, probably due to differences in moisture availability. Cumulative emergence among populations in fall was very low (1-9%) compared with spring emergence (2-17%). Overall, this study provides evidence for a low base temperature and differences in emergence periodicity among populations, both of which may be significant factors contributing to the seasonal success of this species.

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Section: Fall Emergencesupporting

confidence: 73%

Section: Germination Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 83%

Section: Determination Of Base Temperaturementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Recruitment biology of cleavers (Galium spp.) populations in western Canada

Roo

Tozzi²,

Benaragama³

et al. 2022

Weed Sci

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Functionally diverse flax-based rotations improve wild oat (Avena fatua) and cleavers (Galium spurium) management

et al. 2022

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Wild oat (Avena fatua L.) and false cleavers (Galium spurium) are currently a challenge to manage in less competitive crops such as flax (Linum usitatissimum L.). Increasing the functional diversity in crop rotations can be an option to improve weed management. Nonetheless, this strategy is not tested in flax in Western Canada. A 5-yr (2015-2019) crop rotation study was carried at three locations in western Canada to determine the effect of diverse flax-based crop rotations with differences in crop species, crop life cycles, harvesting time and reduced herbicides on managing A. fatua and G. spurium. The perennial rotation (flax-alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.)-alfalfa-alfalfa-flax) under reduced herbicide use was found to be the most consistent cropping system, providing similar A. fatua and G. spurium control to the conventional annual flax crop rotation[flax-barley (Hordium vulgare L.)-flax-oat (Avena sativa L.)-flax] with standard herbicides. At Carman, this alfalfa rotation provided even better weed control (80% A. fatua, 75% G. spurium) than the conventional rotation. Furthermore, a greater A. fatua control was identified compared to conventional rotation where two consecutive winter cereal crops were grown successfully in rotation (flax-barley-winter triticale (x Triticosecale ex A. Camus)-winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)-flax), greater A. fatua control was observed compared to the conventional crop rotation under standard herbicides. Incorporation of silage oat crops did not show consistent management benefits compared to the perennial alfalfa rotation but were generally similar to the conventional rotation with standard herbicides. The results showed that perennial alfalfa in the rotation minimized G. spurium and A. fatua in flax cropping systems, followed by rotations with two consecutive winter cereal crops.

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Taxonomic resolution of fleabane species (Conyza spp.) based on morphological and molecular markers and their dispersion across soybean-cropping macroregions and seasons in Brazil

Kalsing,

Nunes,

Gotardi

et al. 2024

Weed Sci

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The Conyza genus includes nearly 150 species, comprising closely related weedy species. Proper identification of Conyza spp. is essential to develop effective strategies for their management. The overlap of traits, species varieties, and the putative occurrence of hybridization hampers the identification of Conyza spp. and its management in agricultural and natural environments. Herein, we assessed five DNA barcodes and 32 morphological traits to classify Conyza spp. and survey their dispersion in soybean fields [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] in Brazil in 2019, 2020, and 2021. The Conyza accessions included two species, hairy fleabane [Conyza bonariensis (L.) Cronquist) and Sumatran fleabane [Conyza sumatrensis (Retz.) E. Walker], and each species comprised two varieties. The ITS and rps16-trnQ gene regions showed the ability to distinguish between the two Conyza species, while the matK, rbcL, and trnF-trnF gene regions were not polymorphic. Out of 32 morphological traits, phyllary color, involucre shape, capitulescence type, and inflorescence type were the most polymorphic and even reliable for taxonomic purposes. The combination of ITS or ITS+rps16-trnQ regions and the four morphological markers was able to discriminate 91% of the plants, except those of C. bonariensis var. angustifolia. These results support the taxonomic resolution between C. bonariensis and C. sumatrensis and are useful for other Conyza spp. and other closely related weedy species worldwide. Conyza sumatrensis was detected in 94% of soybean fields across macroregions and seasons in Brazil, while C. bonariensis was sparsely dispersed, mainly in the southern macroregion (MRS 1).

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Evaluation of Galium species and populations using morphological characters and molecular markers

Cited by 6 publications

References 21 publications

Recruitment biology of cleavers (Galium spp.) populations in western Canada

Recruitment biology of cleavers (Galium spp.) populations in western Canada

Functionally diverse flax-based rotations improve wild oat (Avena fatua) and cleavers (Galium spurium) management

Taxonomic resolution of fleabane species (Conyza spp.) based on morphological and molecular markers and their dispersion across soybean-cropping macroregions and seasons in Brazil

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