Evaluation ofIn VitroAnti-Inflammatory Activities and Protective Effect of Fermented Preparations of Rhizoma Atractylodis Macrocephalae on Intestinal Barrier Function against Lipopolysaccharide Insult

Abstract

Lipopolysaccharide (LPS), a potent inducer of systemic inflammatory responses, is known to cause impairment of intestinal barrier function. Here, we evaluated the in vitro protective effect of an unfermented formulation of Rhizoma Atractylodis Macrocephalae (RAM), a traditional Chinese herbal medicine widely used in the treatment of many digestive and gastrointestinal disorders, and two fermented preparations of RAM, designated as FRAM-1 (prepared in Luria-Bertani broth) and FRAM-2 (prepared in glucose), on intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) against LPS insult. In general, fermented formulations, especially FRAM-2, but not unfermented RAM, exerted an appreciable protective effect on IECs against LPS-induced perturbation of membrane resistance and permeability. Both fermented formulations exhibited appreciable anti-inflammatory activities in terms of their ability to inhibit LPS-induced gene expression and induced production of a number of key inflammatory mediators and cytokines in RAW 264.7 macrophage cells. However, in most cases, FRAM-2 exhibited stronger anti-inflammatory effects than FRAM-1. Our findings also suggest that suppression of nuclear factor-κ β (NF-κ β) activity might be one of the possible mechanisms by which the fermented RAM exerts its anti-inflammatory effects. Collectively, our results highlight the benefits of using fermented products of RAM to protect against LPS-induced inflammatory insult and impairment in intestinal barrier function.

The protective effect of atractylenolide I on systemic inflammation in the mouse model of sepsis created by cecal ligation and puncture

“…In previous research, the extracts of A. macrocephala possessed notable anti-inflammatory and protective effect on intestinal barrier function against insult of LPS (Bose & Kim, 2013). However, few related monomers were reported.…”

“…Interestingly, we have found that atractylenolide I (AT-I) showed a good neutralization effect on LPS and inhibitory effects against TNF-a and IL-6. AT-I is one of the major active components of Atractylodes macrocephala Koidz (Compositae), which is a very important TCM used for treating digestive disorders and inflammatory diseases (Bose & Kim, 2013;Dong et al, 2007;Peng et al, 2011). Previous investigations have reported that AT-I had wide spectrum pharmacological activities in A. macrocephala, including anti-inflammation, antitumor, and antioxidant properties (Endo & Taguchi, 1979;Kang et al, 2011;Rittirsch et al, 2009).…”

Coprescription of Chinese herbal medicine and Western medication among female patients with breast cancer in Taiwan: analysis of national insurance claims

“…Ban-xia-xie-xin-tang can mitigate nausea and vomiting caused by systemic cancer therapy 48,49. The other single herbs such as sha-ren ( Amomi fructus ) and bai-zhu ( Atractylodis macrocephalae rhizoma ) can modulate gastrointestinal symptoms 50,51…”

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“…Biological system on exposure to different physiochemical and pathological states lead to the generation of numerous free radical species (reactive nitrogen species and ROS) [13] resulting in a condition called oxidative stress, where free radicals are generated beyond the body's ability to regulate their production. Oxidative stress if left uncontrolled lead to chronic inflammatory conditions such as…”