Evaluation of<i>Litchi chinensis</i>for Host Status to<i>Xyleborus glabratus</i>(Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae) and Susceptibility to Laurel Wilt Disease

Kendra, Paul E.; Ploetz, R. C.; Montgomery, Wayne S.; Niogret, Jérôme; Peña, Jorge E.; Brar, Gurinder Singh; Epsky, Nancy D.

doi:10.1653/024.096.0424

Cited by 9 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…The low X. glabratus population densities in areas where it and laurel wilt were present the longest suggest that it was not using other hosts for brood production or that the alternate hosts are unacceptable compared to redbay. Thus far X. glabratus has failed to produce brood in wood from trees outside the family Lauraceae (Mayfield & Hanula 2012;) even when they are strongly attracted to it (Kendra et al 2013a). However, some Lauraceae may not be acceptable hosts either.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Plots located in the oldest infested areas with few or no large trees remaining had very low numbers of attacks. This raised the question -could X. glabratus populations survive after they eliminated all large redbay trees, since large sassafras are rare in the coastal plain where redbay grow and no other hosts outside of the Lauraceae have been found (Hanula et al 2008;Mayfield & Hanula 2011;Kendra et al 2013a;)? Also, if they do persist, how are they sustaining their populations?…”

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confidence: 99%

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Population Trends of the Redbay Ambrosia Beetle (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae): Does Utilization of Small Diameter Redbay Trees Allow Populations to Persist?

Maner

Hanula

Horn

2014

Florida Entomologist

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

Population Trends of the Redbay Ambrosia Beetle (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae): Does Utilization of Small Diameter Redbay Trees Allow Populations to Persist?

Maner

Hanula

Horn

2014

Florida Entomologist

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“…Behavioral bioassays consisted of no-choice tests designed to document host recognition and boring behaviors, following published protocols [29] – [30] . Assays were conducted at ABS under controlled laboratory conditions (25°C, 16:8 h L:D).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Subsequent evaluations indicated that L. chinensis , although attractive to X. glabratus due to chemical similarities with the Lauraceae, is not a suitable reproductive host. This is apparently due to the inability of lychee wood to support growth of R. lauricola , the presumed primary nutritional symbiont [30] . This latter work, in combination with other field studies of X. glabratus , provides evidence that dispersing females locate potential host trees based on their volatile emissions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

North American Lauraceae: Terpenoid Emissions, Relative Attraction and Boring Preferences of Redbay Ambrosia Beetle, Xyleborus glabratus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae)

et al. 2014

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The invasive redbay ambrosia beetle, Xyleborus glabratus, is the primary vector of Raffaelea lauricola, a symbiotic fungus and the etiologic agent of laurel wilt. This lethal disease has caused severe mortality of redbay (Persea borbonia) and swampbay (P. palustris) trees in the southeastern USA, threatens avocado (P. americana) production in Florida, and has potential to impact additional New World species. To date, all North American hosts of X. glabratus and suscepts of laurel wilt are members of the family Lauraceae. This comparative study combined field tests and laboratory bioassays to evaluate attraction and boring preferences of female X. glabratus using freshly-cut bolts from nine species of Lauraceae: avocado (one cultivar of each botanical race), redbay, swampbay, silkbay (Persea humilis), California bay laurel (Umbellularia californica), sassafras (Sassafras albidum), northern spicebush (Lindera benzoin), camphor tree (Cinnamomum camphora), and lancewood (Nectandra coriacea). In addition, volatile collections and gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy (GC-MS) were conducted to quantify terpenoid emissions from test bolts, and electroantennography (EAG) was performed to measure olfactory responses of X. glabratus to terpenoids identified by GC-MS. Significant differences were observed among treatments in both field and laboratory tests. Silkbay and camphor tree attracted the highest numbers of the beetle in the field, and lancewood and spicebush the lowest, whereas boring activity was greatest on silkbay, bay laurel, swampbay, and redbay, and lowest on lancewood, spicebush, and camphor tree. The Guatemalan cultivar of avocado was more attractive than those of the other races, but boring response among the three was equivalent. The results suggest that camphor tree may contain a chemical deterrent to boring, and that different cues are associated with host location and host acceptance. Emissions of α-cubebene, α-copaene, α-humulene, and calamenene were positively correlated with attraction, and EAG analyses confirmed chemoreception of terpenoids by antennal receptors of X. glabratus.

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“…Interestingly, when given a choice between lychee wood and avocado wood (which emits less α-copaene), X. glabratus preferentially chose lychee wood during the first 4 h of the experiment but later switched to avocado. Further experiments demonstrated that X. glabratus does not reproduce in lychee, and the fungus R. lauricola does not develop in lychee wood [ 44 ]. This indicated that, although α -copaene is an important attractant for X. glabratus , it is not involved in the boring behavior of the beetle.…”

Section: Attractants For X Glabratusmentioning

confidence: 99%

Use of Semiochemicals for the Management of the Redbay Ambrosia Beetle

Martini

Hughes

Conover

et al. 2020

Insects

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This review highlights current advances in the management of the redbay ambrosia beetle, Xyleborus glabratus, a primary vector of the pathogenic fungus, Raffaelea lauricola, that causes laurel wilt. Laurel wilt has a detrimental effect on forest ecosystems of southeastern USA, with hundreds of millions of Lauraceae deaths. Currently, preventive measures mostly focus on infected-tree removal to potentially reduce local beetle populations and/or use of preventative fungicide applications in urban trees. Use of semiochemicals may offer an opportunity for the management of X. glabratus. Research on attractants has led to the development of α-copaene lures that are now the accepted standards for X. glabratus sampling. Research conducted on repellents first included methyl salicylate and verbenone and attained significant reduction in the number of X. glabratus captured on redbay and swamp bay trees treated with verbenone. However, the death rate of trees protected with verbenone, while lower compared to untreated trees, is still high. This work underscores the necessity of developing new control methods, including the integration of repellents and attractants into a single push-pull system.

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Evaluation ofLitchi chinensisfor Host Status toXyleborus glabratus(Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae) and Susceptibility to Laurel Wilt Disease

Cited by 9 publications

References 32 publications

Population Trends of the Redbay Ambrosia Beetle (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae): Does Utilization of Small Diameter Redbay Trees Allow Populations to Persist?

Population Trends of the Redbay Ambrosia Beetle (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae): Does Utilization of Small Diameter Redbay Trees Allow Populations to Persist?

North American Lauraceae: Terpenoid Emissions, Relative Attraction and Boring Preferences of Redbay Ambrosia Beetle, Xyleborus glabratus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae)

Use of Semiochemicals for the Management of the Redbay Ambrosia Beetle

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