Evaluation of immunocompatibility of tissue-engineered periosteum

Abstract

Tissue-engineered periosteum (TEP) and 'intramembranous ossification' may be an alternative approach to bone tissue engineering. In the previous study we attained successful bone defect reparation with homemade TEP in an allogenic rabbit model. But its allogenic immunocompatibility remained unknown. In this study TEP was constructed by seeding osteogenically induced mesenchymal stem cells of rabbit onto porcine small intestinal submucosa (SIS). A mixed lymphocyte reaction (MLR) was applied to evaluate the in vitro immunogenicity. The ratio of CD4(+)/CD8(+) T-lymphocytes was tested kinetically to evaluate the systematic reaction of the TEP allograft, and a histological examination was performed to investigate local inflammation and ectopic osteogenesis. MLR indicated that TEP had a higher in vitro immunostimulation than SIS (p < 0.05). The ratios of CD4(+)/CD8(+) lymphocytes increased in both TEP and SIS implanted groups in 2 weeks, followed by a decrease to a normal level from 2 to 4 weeks. Histological examination revealed modest lymphocyte infiltration for no more than 2 weeks. Moreover, subcutaneous ectopic ossification was observed in TEP allograft animals (8/12). Our findings imply that TEP has a certain immune reaction for the allograft, but it is not severe enough to impact osteogenesis in the allogenic rabbit model.

Biocompatibility and hemocompatibility of efficiently decellularized whole porcine kidney for tissue engineering

“…To predict the potential immunogenicity of kidney ECM after in vivo implantation, we carried out in vitro immunological assay using human PBMCs. These cells proliferate and secrete nitric oxide upon stimulation . From the results, we can conclude that decellularized kidney is inert to the human PBMCs and cannot stimulate the host immune response.…”

Elucidating Multiscale Periosteal Mechanobiology: A Key to Unlocking the Smart Properties and Regenerative Capacity of the Periosteum?

“…Porcine small intestinal submucosa (SIS) seeded with BMSCs is one popular combination for creating TEP. 85,86 Use of a natural scaffold, such as SIS, eliminates concerns related to biodegradability and toxicity that are often associated with synthetic polymer biomaterials. SIS periosteum membranes were 100-200 mm thick after 7 days of growth.…”

“…Membrane mechanics were characterized qualitatively and found to be of a flexible texture similar to natural bone membrane. 85,86 Scaffold-free TEP has been grown from BMSCs cultured in osteogenic media. 87 At 10 days of culture, a thin membrane with poor resistance to external forces had formed.…”

Irregular Bone Defect Repair Using Tissue-Engineered Periosteum in a Rabbit Model

“…The components of TEP: MSCs and SIS, have great immune advantages and are suitable for allograft [24]. This therefore provides the promise of off-the-shelf products for future clinical application.…”