“…Our results conftrm the very high incidence of this disease in the studied areas in the Provinces of Rio Negro and Neuquen (16,17,28,29). A strong tendency towards a lower prevalence of the disease among individuals under 21 years of age (5.6 vs 16.4% for adults) was also observed, and among those living in urbanized rural areas (5.6 vs 13.8% for scattered areas).…”
Ultrasonography (US) and serology (double diffusion for antigen 5 (dd5» were used for the screening of hydatid disease in 1418 asymptomatic individuals from two provinces in Argentina. A total of 122 positive subjects were identified and in 120of them lesions consistent with hydatid disease were observed at US (98.4%) while only 19 had positive dd5 tests (15.8%). Chest radiography was performed in 647 of the subjects and an additional 4 lesions were found. Surgery was performed in 32 patients, confirming in all of them the sonographic diagnosis. It is suggested that US should be used in the screening for hydatidosis in high-risk populations as well as in follow-up programmes.
“…Our results conftrm the very high incidence of this disease in the studied areas in the Provinces of Rio Negro and Neuquen (16,17,28,29). A strong tendency towards a lower prevalence of the disease among individuals under 21 years of age (5.6 vs 16.4% for adults) was also observed, and among those living in urbanized rural areas (5.6 vs 13.8% for scattered areas).…”
Ultrasonography (US) and serology (double diffusion for antigen 5 (dd5» were used for the screening of hydatid disease in 1418 asymptomatic individuals from two provinces in Argentina. A total of 122 positive subjects were identified and in 120of them lesions consistent with hydatid disease were observed at US (98.4%) while only 19 had positive dd5 tests (15.8%). Chest radiography was performed in 647 of the subjects and an additional 4 lesions were found. Surgery was performed in 32 patients, confirming in all of them the sonographic diagnosis. It is suggested that US should be used in the screening for hydatidosis in high-risk populations as well as in follow-up programmes.
“…There has been some discussion on the most suitable test for epidemiological purposes in hydatid disease. The Casoni skin test has been considered inadequate because of non-specificity (Varela-Diaz et al 1976) and the emphasis has shifted to serological techniques. The LAT, CCEP and IHAT have been used and have been favoured for their good correlation with IEOP and the demonstration of Capron's arc 5 which is the definitive test for the presence ofparasite antibody in human sera.…”
SUMMARYAn investigation into the incidence of hydatid disease was carried out in the Hebridean islands of Lewis and Skye. The results showed that 20 % of the sheep were infected and 10 % of the dogs harboured Echinococcus granulosus. Sporadic human cases continue to occur but using serological tests we were unable to show evidence of subclinical infection in the population sampled.
“…The major intermediate ruminant hosts of Echinococcus granulosus are sheep, and the majority of studies aimed at producing an effective diagnostic test for identifying animals with hydatidosis have been undertaken on this species. One such study, reported in the first issue of Parasite Immunology in 1979 , was that by Yong and Heath who demonstrated the presence of antibodies (appearing 16 weeks after infection) to the ‘arc 5’ precipitin band (Figure ) in immunoelectrophoresed E. granulosus cyst fluid in sera they tested from some but not all sheep that were naturally or experimentally infected with Echinococcus granulosus . They also demonstrated the presence of an antigen similar to arc 5 in cyst fluid of Taenia hydatigena , but not conclusively in T. ovis cyst fluid (Figure ), and they were able to discriminate between sheep harbouring a naturally acquired, viable hydatid infection (the site of the infection had no influence on the antibody response) from those with nonviable parasites or uninfected animals .…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…(d) Arc 5 antigenic components in cyst fluid of T. hydatigena (Th CF ) and T. ovis (To CF ). RE g CF , rabbit antiserum against Eg CF ; Eg CF , E. granulosus cyst fluid; SEG , arc 5‐positive serum from sheep infected with E. granulosus . [Reproduced from Yong and Heath, 1979 with permission]…”
published in 1979 a seminal paper in the first issue of Parasite Immunology describing their efforts to determine whether the arc 5 precipitin band, formed when test human serum is reacted against electrophoresed hydatid cyst fluid antigen, would be a suitable immunodiagnostic test for the identification of sheep infected with Echinococcus granulosus. Although they found antibodies to arc 5 in the sera of hydatid-infected sheep, the sera of some sheep harbouring Taenia ovis and T. hydatigena also precipitated the hydatid cyst fluid arc 5 antigen, so they concluded arc 5 antibodies were not suitable for the specific immunodiagnosis of E. granulosus infection in sheep in New Zealand. Subsequent work has shown that the existence of multiple infections with different taeniid species, antigenic cross-reactivity between these related parasites and the low level of specific antibody response to infection continue to hinder efforts to improve the diagnosis of hydatid infection in sheep and other natural intermediate hosts, thereby preventing the development of any practical test. In particular, the poor antibody response of ruminants to naturally acquired hydatid infection may prove an insurmountable barrier in future efforts to develop a reliable and accurate immunological test.
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