Evaluation of in vitro tests to assess the efficacy of formulations as topical skin protectants against organophosphorus compounds

Millerioux, J.; Cruz, C.; Bazire, A.; Polly, V.; Lallement, G.; Lefeuvre, Luc; Josse, Denis

doi:10.1016/j.tiv.2008.09.014

Cited by 19 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…Hence permeation experiments must be conducted and evaluated regarding this specifications [9,20]. Experimental skin can be obtained from laboratory animals [4,6,17] or human, as a secondary product of plastic surgery [5,7]. Alternatively, some types of synthetic skin are available [18,24].…”

Section: Methodological Considerationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Inferior hydrophilic parts of epidermis and dermis represent another restriction for lipophilic agents as paraoxon. In this study paraoxon permeated through the dermatomed dorsolateral pig skin relatively gently as tenths of percent of applied dose which corresponds to study conducted on the pig ear skin [17]. Amount of paraoxon remained on the skin surface or retained in the skin was not measured.…”

Section: Skin Permeation Of Paraoxonmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Method of Static Diffusion Cells for Assessment of Pesticides Skin Permeation

Mišík¹,

Pavlíková²,

Cabal³

et al. 2011

MMSL

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Usage and misusage of pesticides represent a health risk to military and civilian, especially to agricultural workers; also a possible terrorist threat is considered. The major route of low-volatility pesticides intoxication is percutaneous. Hence, skin permeation characteristics of pesticides are intensively investigated. In this study, in vitro measurement of skin permeation is presented on the example of pesticide paraoxon. Permeation experiments were performed in Franz-type of static diffusion cells using a pig skin. Paraoxon which permeated through the skin was determined enzymatically by modified Ellman's method. During 8 hours experiment, approx. 0.1 % of applied paraoxon has permeated through the skin. It was shown that pre-treatment by water simulating wet or sweated skin enhanced the paraoxon permeation.

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Section: Methodological Considerationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Skin Permeation Of Paraoxonmentioning

confidence: 99%

Method of Static Diffusion Cells for Assessment of Pesticides Skin Permeation

Mišík¹,

Pavlíková²,

Cabal³

et al. 2011

MMSL

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“…The main exposure routes to OPs are respiratory and dermal. Percutaneous penetration can occur for the most persistent of them such as the CWA VX and the pesticide parathion and its oxidized derivative paraoxon (POX) [6] , [7] , [8] . As a consequence, specific protective equipments (suits, face masks, gloves and boot covers) were developed to limit skin contact and absorption of these highly toxic chemicals [9] .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Millerioux et al [6] , [7] showed that in vitro permeation tests using silicone membranes are suitable as first screen tests to select potentially effective TSP against toxic chemicals agents. Thus, efficacy test were performed with in vitro Franz-type glass diffusion cells using silicone membranes as a support matrix representing the skin.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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New CeO 2 nanoparticles-based topical formulations for the skin protection against organophosphates

et al. 2015

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To reinforce skin protection against organophosphates (OPs), the development of new topical skin protectants (TSP) has received a great interest. Nanoparticles like cerium dioxide (CeO2) known to adsorb and neutralize OPs are interesting candidates for TSP. However, NPs are difficult to disperse into formulations and they are suspected of toxicological issues. Thus, we want to study: (1) the effect of the addition of CeO2 NPs in formulations for the skin protection (2) the impact of the doping of CeO2 NPs by calcium; (3) the effect of two methods of dispersion of CeO2 NPs: an O/W emulsion or a suspension of a fluorinated thickening polymer (HASE-F) grafted with these NPs. As a screening approach we used silicone membranes as a skin equivalent and Franz diffusion cells for permeation tests. The addition of pure CeO2 NPs in both formulations permits the penetration to decrease by a 3–4-fold factor. The O/W emulsion allows is the best approach to obtain a film-forming coating with a good reproducibility of the penetration results; whereas the grafting of NPs to a thickener is the best way to obtain an efficient homogenous suspension of CeO2 NPs with a decreased of toxicological impact but the coating is less film-forming which slightly impacts the reproducibility of the penetration results.

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