Evaluation of In Vivo Probiotic Efficiency of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens in Labeo rohita Challenged by Pathogenic Strain of Aeromonas hydrophila MTCC 1739

Abstract

Diseases in aquatic organisms, including fish, are a major concern in aquaculture production. In this present investigation, we have evaluated the beneficial effects of dietary Bacillus amyloliquefaciens CCF7 (GenBank Acc. No. KP256501) supplementation in rohu (Labeo rohita) challenged by a pathogenic strain of Aeromonas hydrophila MTCC 1739. Four experimental diets were formulated: control diet (no probiotics) and three experimental diets (different concentrations of probiotic candidate B. amyloliquefaciens CCF7 at 10 (T1), 10 (T2), 10 (T3) CFU/g). Further, we have divided the feeding trial into pre-challenge (70 days) and post-challenge (28 days) periods and various immune parameters (serum protein, globulin, albumin, lysozyme, and IgM), and stress parameters (malondialdehyde, catalase, and superoxide dismutase) were examined during both the periods. Throughout the entire experiment, control group was fed with probiotic free basal diet, while the treatment groups received probiotic supplemented diets (PSD). After challenge test, serum aspartate transaminase (AST), serum alanine transaminase (ALT) activity, and liver malondialdehyde level have increased significantly in control groups; however, level of these parameters were considerably lower in fish fed with PSD. In contrast, liver catalase and superoxide dismutase activities and serum globulin concentration was significantly higher in the group fed with T3 diet followed by T2. Furthermore, an elevated level of serum IgM and higher activity of serum lysozyme was also recorded in PSD fed groups, especially for T3 group which confirmed the probiotic efficiency of the bacterium B. amyloliquefaciens CCF7. We strongly believe that B. amyloliquefaciens CCF7 will be a good probiotic candidate in aquaculture industries.

The effects of dietary Bacillus subtilis on immune response, hematological parameters, growth performance, and resistance of juvenile olive flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus) against Streptococcus iniae

“…Enhanced Ig levels following probiotic administration have been documented in many animals, including fishes (Lee et al, 2017;Ramesh & Souissi, 2018). Improvement of Ig levels by BS administration has been reported previously in triangular bream (Megalobrama terminalis), rohu, and grouper (Nandi, Banerjee, Dan, Ghosh, & Ray, 2017;Sun et al, 2010;Zhang et al, 2013). Our results provide more evidence for this phenomenon.…”

Improvement of reproductive indices, lysozyme activity, and disease resistance in live‐bearing ornamental fish,Poecilia latipinnausingArtemiasupplementation with treated yeast cell,Saccharomyces cerevisiae

“…Probiotics enhancing immunity, survival, and growth performance of aquatic organism trough colonization in fish intestine that have been studied in the literature (Gatesoupe, ; Holzapfel, Haberer, Snel, & Schillinger, ; Merrifield, et al, ). The positive effects of probiotics on fish and shellfish species are reported previously (Abdel‐Tawwab, Abdel‐Rahman, & Ismael, ; Adorian et al, ; Avella et al, ; Carnevali et al, ; Douillet, & Langdon, ; El‐Rhman, Khattab, & Shalaby, ; Ghosh, Sen, & Ray, ; Nandi, Banerjee, Dan, Ghosh, & Ray, ; Wang et al, ). Probiotics produce enzymes (such as protease, lipase, and amylase), fatty acids, and vitamins through stimulating appetite and enhancing microbial metabolism, thereby improving fish feeding (Dimitroglou et al, ).…”

Recent studies on probiotics as beneficial mediator in aquaculture: a review

“…Enhance survival rate, foster metabolism, enhance weight Abareethan and Amsath (2015) Bacillus amyloliquefaciens Enhance antibody concentration, reduce stress Nandi et al (2018) Bacillus subtilis + Lactobacillus rhamnosus Enhance the food digestibility Munirasu, Ramasubramanian, and Arunkumar (2017) Lactobacillus sp. Reduce pathogen load, provide protection against Aeromonas hydrophilla etc.…”

“…Additionally, probiotics also work through different mechanisms in aquaculture system to eliminate the organic wastes and pollutants, as a result of incorporation of 'bioremediation' and 'biocontrol' when dealing with the environmental problems. In this context, probiotics can play an effective role in aquaculture production by providing greater non-specific disease protection as well as pollution free water sources (Nandi, Banerjee, Dan, Ghosh, & Ray, 2018;Panigrahi, Kiron, Satoh, & Watanabe, 2010). The goal of this review is to summarize and evaluate the current information on the efficacy and mechanism of action of probiotics for the enumeration in a complex microbial community in aquaculture.…”