“…In India, shoot fly and stem borer significantly reduce the yield, at times as high as 100% in grain and crop stand (Padmaja et al, 2010). In Tamil Nadu, shoot fly Atherigona soccata Rondani, stem borer Chilo partellus Swinhoe and grain midge Stenodiplosis sorghicola Coquillett are the regular pests in southern districts causing 2 to 48% damage (Anandhi and Sankarapandian, 2013;Anandhi et al, 2015). An array of sprayable and granular insecticides are recommended against these (Patil et al, 1992), but these have several limitations (Anandhi et al, 2017).…”