Evaluation of indoor radon gas levels in three Brazilian municipalities located in the state of Minas Gerais

Abstract

Ionizing radiation, particularly radon exposure, constitutes a significant risk factor for lung cancer, with the World Health Organization identifying radon as the second major contributor to this malignancy. This study investigates radon levels in dwellings across three Brazilian municipalities and explores the interplay between dwelling characteristics, residents' behavior, and radon concentrations equal to or exceeding 200 Bq/m³. Conducted over two seasons, the research measured radon gas concentrations in both the bedroom and living room of each residence. Out of 577 households surveyed, 123 exhibited radon levels meeting or surpassing 200 Bq/m³, with a higher incidence observed in rural areas. Factors associated with elevated radon levels included geographical location in Caldas and Poços de Caldas, residence in rural areas, houses constructed before 1976, and the absence of open windows during the night. The study underscores the prevalence of elevated indoor radon levels, surpassing the World Health Organization's recommended reference level of 100 Bq/m³. Additionally, dwelling characteristics and residents' habits, such as keeping windows closed during sleep, contribute to increased radon concentrations in residential settings.