Evaluation of inflammatory responses induced via intra-articular injection of interleukin-1 in horses receiving a dietary nutraceutical and assessment of the clinical effects of long-term nutraceutical administration

Abstract

Results suggested that administration of the DN may be useful in preventing inflammation associated with arthritis and degenerative joint disease in horses.

Evaluation of the inflammatory response in experimentally induced synovitis in the horse: a comparison of recombinant equine interleukin 1 beta and lipopolysaccharide

“…Sample size was determined using SAS 9.2 Ó statistical software (SAS Institute, Inc., Carey, NC) and data from previous research that measured synovial fluid total protein from horses that received LPS 10 , IL-1b 22 or saline 22 . A sample size of 6 per treatment group provided a statistical power of 0.90 (a ¼ 0.05) as calculated using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA).…”

“…The role of IL-1b in the natural inflammatory cascade makes it a more appropriate model for evaluating the pathobiology of OA; however, IL-1b use in in vivo experimental modeling has been minimal. Two studies have induced inflammation using intra-articular injections of recombinant human IL-1b (rhIL-1b) 21,22 , reporting increased synovial white blood cells (WBCs) and total protein levels. Also, gene expression changes in rat joints following intra-articular injection of rat IL-1b have been reported 23 .…”

The preventive effects of two nutraceuticals on experimentally induced acute synovitis

“…Using an IL‐1β‐based experimental synovitis model, Pearson et al . 25 studied the effect of a nutraceutical (composed of mussel, shark cartilage, abalone and Biota orientalis lipid extract) on the inflammatory response in synovial fluid. In a subsequent study of another nutraceutical (a biological extract of high‐rosmarinic acid mint) 36, synovitis was induced by injection of LPS and, in addition to synovial fluid analysis, lameness was assessed as an outcome parameter, albeit subjectively.…”

“…The number of horses (n = 6) per treatment group was statistically determined using an a priori power analysis test 24 for the primary outcome variable (prostaglandin E 2 [PGE 2 ]), based on the published standard error of PGE 2 concentration in synovial fluid in horses with synovitis 22, and a mean estimated effect of a nutraceutical treatment of 45% PGE 2 reduction 25, at α = 0.05; β = 0.2, and an effect size of 1.68.…”

The Effect of Exercise and Nutritional Supplementation on Proinflammatory Cytokine Expression in Young Racehorses During Training

“…Thus, there is growing interest in nonpharmacologic approaches to ameliorate exercise-induced inflammation [36][37][38][39]. Various dietary supplements have been proposed to alleviate exercise-related injuries and illnesses [40][41][42][43][44][45][46][47][48][49][50]. Although many of these same compounds have been used in horses [37,[48][49][50][51][52][53][54][55][56][57][58], their effect on exercise-induced proinflammatory responses has not been investigated in detail [55].…”