Evaluation of Insulin Resistance and Glutathione-S-transferase in Iraqi Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy

Abstract

Diabetes mellitus type 2 (T2DM) is a metabolic disorder that influences above 450 million individuals around the world. Type 2 diabetes is a lack of insulin due to pancreatic β-cell malfunction and insulin resistance. This study aimed to detect insulin resistance using homeostasis model assessment (HOMA IR) and determined the correlation with glutathione-s-transferase (GST) activity in T2DM and neuropathy patients as a predictor of oxidative stress, which occurs when the oxidation-antioxidant equilibrium is disrupted. Reactive oxygen species causes vascular injury and a series of inflammation. In the present study, the results show there is no significant difference in diabetic patients (DM) and neuropathy patients (NU) versus healthy people in insulin resistance (p> 0.05). GST activity significantly differs between the patients and healthy groups (p≤0.05). Moreover, this study has reported an improvement in insulin resistance and high activity of GST in the patient's group as a warning sign of excessive oxidative stress. There was no evidence revealing a link between insulin resistance and GST. The present study has demonstrated that HOMA-IR had a positive relationship with fasting blood sugar and insulin in the neuropathy group and diabetic group and a negative relationship with high-density lipoprotein (HDL).

Antidiabetic, antidyslipidemia and renoprotector potency of butterfly pea flower extract (Clitorea ternatea L.) in diabetes mellitus and dyslipidemia rats model

“…Catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) are the three main enzymes in the antioxidant defense system ( Dworzański et al , 2020 ). Glutathione S-transferase (GST) enzymes also participate in overcoming antioxidants by fighting reactive electrophiles and fatty acid hydroperoxides that result from oxidative stress ( Jaid et al , 2022 ). Many plants can be used as alternative natural antioxidants because they contain phenolic compounds, one of which has been widely studied is the butterfly pea flower ( Clitoria ternatea L.).…”