Evaluation of insulin resistance and metabolic syndrome in a group of obese Czech children

Abstract

The relatively high incidence of insulin resistance in obese children without MS questions the prevailing diagnostic criteria of, perhaps, falsely excluding some cases of, MS.

Epidemiological Impact of Metabolic Syndrome in Overweight and Obese European Children and Adolescents: A Systematic Literature Review

“…The 15 primary studies included in our systematic review were all cross-sectional studies [ 13 , 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 , 29 ], and no new articles were included after the snowballing process.…”

“…The studies included reported pediatric MetS data regarding European countries; specifically, 34% ( n = 5) were conducted in Spain [ 19 , 26 , 27 , 28 , 29 ], 13% ( n = 2) in Romania [ 21 , 22 ], 13% ( n = 2) in Italy [ 13 , 24 ], 13% ( n = 2) in Poland [ 17 , 18 ], 13% ( n = 2) in Slovakia [ 23 , 25 ], 1 (7%) in Lithuania [ 18 ], and 1 (7%) in the Czech Republic [ 20 ].…”

“…The number of subjects analyzed in each study varied from 70 [ 18 ] to 2629 [ 23 ] in an age range between 5 and 19.9 years [ 18 , 24 , 29 ]. Six studies included only children who were overweight and/or obese [ 17 , 18 , 20 , 22 , 24 ], while others included subjects with variable body mass index (BMI) values.…”

“…The data regarding the epidemiological impact of MetS depended on the diagnostic criteria used, resulting in variations observed across different countries. More than half of the studies included ( n = 11, 73.2%) based their analysis on the IDF consensus for children and adolescents [ 16 , 17 , 18 , 20 , 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 , 28 , 29 ]. One study [ 19 ] (6.7%) compared MetS prevalence obtained based on adopting two definitions of MetS: that of the National Cholesterol Education Program Program’s Adult Treatment Panel III (NCEP-ATPIII), revised by Cook/Ford [ 30 ], and that based on the IDF criteria.…”

Normal Weight 6–12 Years Boys Demonstrate Better Cognitive Function and Aerobic Fitness Compared to Overweight Peers

“…Obesity and OW may also have an impact on the respiratory system via different mechanisms, including a direct effect of fat in the chest wall to cause structural changes and decrease the volume of the lungs, especially the expiratory reserve volume [ 34 ]. Furthermore, because adipose tissue is the largest endocrine organ in the body, when its temperature increases, progressive metabolic changes occur [ 35 ]. Endothelial dysfunction, a lower mitochondrial density, and oxygen transfer volume might also be reasons for a lower VO 2 .…”