Evaluation of karst features using principal component analysis (PCA): a case from Zarneh and Kergan, Western Iran

Ebrahimi, Omid; Ahmadi, Mehdi; Shahabi, Himan; Asgari, Shamsollah

doi:10.1007/s13146-017-0373-2

Cited by 5 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…Therefore, the sociology of tourists' behavior regarding the way to treat and exploit geotourism heritages has been investigated in various studies. These studies include tourists' way of utilizing geomorphosites and geoparks (Bollati et al, 2015;Lima, 2016;Kirchner, & Kubalíková, 2011;Kubalíková & Kirchner, 2015), the exploitation and evaluation of glacial geomorphosites (Bollati et al, 2015), and studying sustainable geotourism facilities using digital techniques in rural areas and tourist routes in the Manzagro area of Spain (Martinez-Grana et al, 2016), the negative impact of visitors on geotourism areas (Lima et al, 2016), management of geomorphosites in areas with the highest number of visitors (Coratza et al, 2008), the importance of mountainous geomorphosites for environmental education of visitors (Reynard & Coratza, 2016), and identification and assessment of Karstic geomorphosites in Italy, Island of Gozo and Iran (Coratza et al, 2012;Waele et al, 2005;Ebrahimi et al, 2017).…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of the Role of Environmental Education in Manesht and Ghelarang Geotourism Destination, Iran

Mokhtari

Roostaei

Khodadadi

et al. 2019

Journal of Quality Assurance in Hospitality & Tourism

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The aim of this study is to investigate the land ethics of tourists regarding the geotourism resources in the Protected Area of Manesht and Ghelarang, Ilam Province, Iran. The theoretical framework of the research is based on environmental knowledge, environmental behavior, normative pressures, facilities, multiple incentive models, ability, opportunity and environmental ethics model. Approximate number of tourists visiting (local tourist) the protected area in the specified time range (spring 2017) was 3,000. Using the Cochran sampling formula, the sample size was determined to be 475 people and questionnaires, based on available sampling, were distributed among the tourists. The findings show that there is no significant relationship between tourists' age, the habitat, and environmental behaviors. In contrast, there is a positive relationship with gender and level of education. This study demonstrates that the lowest score in the assessment section of the variables analyzed was related to environmental knowledge and facilities. Hence, the low environmental knowledge of tourists needs to be improved through training so that they can gain an increased environmental awareness over time. Further, the second factor involves discussion of structural facilities that are rooted in national macroeconomic, and management policies which requires a comprehensive overview of Iran's tourism management.

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Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of the Role of Environmental Education in Manesht and Ghelarang Geotourism Destination, Iran

Mokhtari

Roostaei

Khodadadi

et al. 2019

Journal of Quality Assurance in Hospitality & Tourism

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“…Multivariate statistical techniques are frequently used to analyze the natural and anthropogenic origins of elements, their chemistry and water-rock/sediment interaction processes [6,7]. The principal component analysis (PCA) was used to identify the hydrogeochemical patterns of caves and to highlight the similarities and differences of the karst features [8]. The water characteristics in caves are influenced by water-rock interactions, recharge and discharge processes and anthropogenic activities in the area [9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Application of Inductively Coupled Plasma Spectrometric Techniques and Multivariate Statistical Analysis in the Hydrogeochemical Profiling of Caves—Case Study Cloșani, Romania

et al. 2021

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The aim of the study was to develop the hydrogeochemical profiling of caves based on the elemental composition of water and silty soil samples and a multivariate statistical analysis. Major and trace elements, including rare earths, were determined in the water and soil samples. The general characteristics of water, anions content, inorganic and organic carbon fractions and nitrogen species (NO3− and NH4+) were also considered. The ANOVA—principal component analysis (PCA) and two-way joining analysis were applied on samples collected from Cloșani Cave, Romania. The ANOVA-PCA revealed that the hydrogeochemical characteristics of Ca2+-HCO3− water facies were described by five factors, the strongest being associated with water-carbonate rock interactions and the occurrence of Ca, Mg and HCO3− (43.4%). Although organic carbon fractions have a lower influence (20.1%) than inorganic ones on water characteristics, they are involved in the chemical processes of nitrogen and of the elements involved in redox processes (Fe, Mn, Cr and Sn). The seasonal variability of water characteristics, especially during the spring, was observed. The variability of silty soil samples was described by four principal components, the strongest influence being attributed to rare earth elements (52.2%). The ANOVA-PCA provided deeper information compared to Gibbs and Piper diagrams and the correlation analysis.

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“…Among the various forms of subsurface freshwater, karst groundwater is a major resource for water supply in many regions, including China, Turkey, Iran, Mexico, and the United States [3][4][5][6][7]. Karst aquifers are relatively high-yielding, heterogeneous systems that are characterized by complex groundwater flow paths [8][9][10]. They store and supply drinking water for approximately 20-25% of the world's population, while constituting only small areas of the global land surface [11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mapping of Groundwater Spring Potential in Karst Aquifer System Using Novel Ensemble Bivariate and Multivariate Models

Nhu

Rahmati

Falah

et al. 2020

Water

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Groundwater is an important natural resource in arid and semi-arid environments, where discharge from karst springs is utilized as the principal water supply for human use. The occurrence of karst springs over large areas is often poorly documented, and interpolation strategies are often utilized to map the distribution and discharge potential of springs. This study develops a novel method to delineate karst spring zones on the basis of various hydrogeological factors. A case study of the Bojnourd Region, Iran, where spring discharge measurements are available for 359 sites, is used to demonstrate application of the new approach. Spatial mapping is achieved using ensemble modelling, which is based on certainty factors (CF) and logistic regression (LR). Maps of the CF and LR components of groundwater potential were generated individually, and then, combined to prepare an ensemble map of the study area. The accuracy (A) of the ensemble map was then assessed using area under the receiver operating characteristic curve. Results of this analysis show that LR (A = 78%) outperformed CF (A = 67%) in terms of the comparison between model predictions and known occurrences of karst springs (i.e., calibration data). However, combining the CF and LR results through ensemble modelling produced superior accuracy (A = 85%) in terms of spring potential mapping. By combining CF and LR statistical models through ensemble modelling, weaknesses in CF and LR methods are offset, and therefore, we recommend this ensemble approach for similar karst mapping projects. The methodology developed here offers an efficient method for assessing spring discharge and karst spring potentials over regional scales.

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Evaluation of karst features using principal component analysis (PCA): a case from Zarneh and Kergan, Western Iran

Cited by 5 publications

References 26 publications

Evaluation of the Role of Environmental Education in Manesht and Ghelarang Geotourism Destination, Iran

Evaluation of the Role of Environmental Education in Manesht and Ghelarang Geotourism Destination, Iran

Application of Inductively Coupled Plasma Spectrometric Techniques and Multivariate Statistical Analysis in the Hydrogeochemical Profiling of Caves—Case Study Cloșani, Romania

Mapping of Groundwater Spring Potential in Karst Aquifer System Using Novel Ensemble Bivariate and Multivariate Models

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