Evaluation of kinetic energy and erosivity potential of simulated rainfall using Laser Precipitation Monitor

Meshesha, Derege Tsegaye; Tsunekawa, Atsushi; Tsubo, Mitsuru; Haregeweyn, Nigussie; Tegegne, Firew

doi:10.1016/j.catena.2015.09.017

Cited by 43 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Rainfall is the driving force behind slope erosion, and rainfall intensity, secondary rainfall, rainfall duration, and rainfall kinetic energy are closely related to slope erosion characteristics [52]. As rainfall intensity increases, both rainfall erosivity and runoff erosivity increase [53]. In this study, the erosion intensity of sloping farmland and its MWD increased with increasing rainfall intensity (Table 2; Figure 4).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 56%

Effects of Soil and Water Conservation Measures on Runoff and Sediment Yield in Red Soil Slope Farmland under Natural Rainfall

et al. 2020

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This paper analyzes the relationship between runoff, soil erosion, sediment particles, and natural rainfall characteristics on sloping farmland in the red soil region of southern China. The surface runoff and soil loss data were measured on runoff plots during 66 natural rainfall events from 2015 to 2018 in Jiangxi Province. The results show that the maximum 30-min rainfall intensity (I 30 ) is positively related to the runoff depth, soil erosion modulus, and sediment mean weight diameter (MWD). With the increase in I 30 during rainfall, the coarse sand content increases, and the fine sand content decreases. The average annual runoff of slope tillage, hedgerows with slope tillage, straw mulching with conventional tillage, and contour tillage decreased by 32.56%, 65.87%, 83.99%, and 87.30%, respectively, compared with that of bare land. Soil and water conservation measures can significantly reduce slope runoff. The flow-reduction effect of contour tillage and straw mulching with conventional tillage increases as I 30 increases, and the flow-reduction effect of hedgerows with slope tillage first increases and then decreases as I 30 increases. The coefficients of variation and standard deviations of the flow-reduction effects of different soil and water conservation measures decrease with increasing I 30 . The average annual soil erosion moduli of slope tillage, hedgerows with slope tillage, contour tillage, and straw mulching with conventional tillage decreased by 59.33%, 91.29%, 97.17%, and 98.45%, respectively, compared with that of bare land. Soil and water conservation measures can significantly reduce the sediment yield on slopes. The flow-reduction effects of hedgerows with slope tillage, contour tillage, and straw mulching with conventional tillage all increase with I 30 , and their coefficients of variation and standard deviations decrease with I 30 . The average single rainfall erosion sediment MWD of decreased by 5.91%, 8.33%, 9.69%, and 13.32%, respectively, compared with that of bare land. Straw mulching with conventional tillage can significantly reduce the MWD of erosion sediment, effectively reduce the content of coarse sand, and increase the content of fine sand. Straw mulching with conventional tillage is a very good soil and water conservation measure for sloping farmland. It not only has the best effect on reducing flow and sediment, but also can effectively intercept coarse sand and reduce the MWD of erosion sediment.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 56%

Effects of Soil and Water Conservation Measures on Runoff and Sediment Yield in Red Soil Slope Farmland under Natural Rainfall

et al. 2020

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“…A drip-type rainfall simulator facility with raindrop fall-height of 12 m, raindrop diameter of 3 mm, and rain kinetic energy of 29 J −1 m −2 mm −1 [44] at the ALRC, Tottori University, Japan was used in this study. The simulation was conducted in two phases: The first phase using four PAM rates (0, 20, 40, and 60 kg ha −1 ) and the second phase using gypsum, lime, and effective PAM rate mixed with gypsum or lime.…”

Section: Rainfall Simulation Proceduresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effectiveness of Polyacrylamide in Reducing Runoff and Soil Loss under Consecutive Rainfall Storms

et al. 2020

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The use of anionic polyacrylamide (PAM) as a soil conditioner could help prevent soil loss by water. In this study, we determined the effective granular PAM rate that best reduces runoff and soil loss from Oxisols. Furthermore, the effectiveness of the selected PAM rate was tested by applying it in a mixture with gypsum (G) or lime (L). The study was conducted in two phases: (i) Dry PAM rates of 0 (C), 20 kg ha −1 (P20), 40 kg ha −1 (P40), and 60 kg ha −1 (P60) were applied onto soil surface and run for six consecutive rainfall storms of 70 mm h −1 intensity for 1 h duration, and the effective PAM rate was selected; and (ii) G (4 t ha −1 ) or L (2 t ha −1 ) were applied alone or mixed with the selected PAM rate. The P20 was found to be effective in reducing runoff in the beginning while P40 and P60 were more effective starting from the third storm through the end of the consecutive storms, but with no statistically significant difference between P40 and P60. Hence, P40 was selected as the most suitable rate for the given test soil and rainfall pattern. On the other hand, the mixed application of P40 with G or L increased infiltration rate (IR) in the first two storms through improving soil solution viscosity. However, effectiveness of the mixtures had diminished by various degrees as rain progressed, as compared to P40 alone, which could be attributed to the rate and properties of G and L. In conclusion, the variation in effectiveness of PAM rates in reducing runoff with storm duration could indicate that the effective rates shall be selected based on the climatic region in that lower rates for the short rains or higher rates for elongated rains. Moreover, combined application of PAM with L could offer a good option to both fairly reduce soil erosion and improve land productivity especially in acidic soils like Oxisols, which requires further field verification.

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“…The DSD also enables to compute the kinetic energy of rainfall which is critical to the understanding and modelling of soil erosion (see van Dijk et al, 2002, for a review). Studies of the relation 10 between rainfall intensity and kinetic energy using disdrometers have been carried out with actual rainfall (Angulo-Martínez and Barros, 2015;Angulo-Martínez et al, 2016) or artificial one (Meshesha et al, 2016). DSD also has an impact on the spread of crop disease (Huber and Gillespie, 1992) notably through the dispersal of pathogens through splashing (Walklate, 1989;Walklate et al, 1989).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Two months of disdrometer data in the Paris area

Gires¹,

Tchiguirinskaia²,

Schertzer³

2018

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Evaluation of kinetic energy and erosivity potential of simulated rainfall using Laser Precipitation Monitor

Cited by 43 publications

References 21 publications

Effects of Soil and Water Conservation Measures on Runoff and Sediment Yield in Red Soil Slope Farmland under Natural Rainfall

Effects of Soil and Water Conservation Measures on Runoff and Sediment Yield in Red Soil Slope Farmland under Natural Rainfall

Effectiveness of Polyacrylamide in Reducing Runoff and Soil Loss under Consecutive Rainfall Storms

Two months of disdrometer data in the Paris area

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