Evaluation of laboratory derived toxic effect concentrations of a mixture of metals by testing fresh water plankton communities in enclosures

Zooplankton community responses to the mixture of imazethapyr with imazapic and bispyribac-sodium herbicides under rice paddy water conditions

“…Among zooplankton groups, the population lowering rate cannot be attributed directly to applied herbicides, since other biological factors can interact with pesticides, creating consequences for the population of these groups (JAK et al, 1996). According to GAGNETEN (2002), herbicides can provoke zooplankton density reduction, especially among herbivorous crustaceans (Cladocers and Copepods), determine feeding decrease and algae community structure exchanges, presenting toxic effects.…”

Determining the ecotoxicological mode of action of toxic chemicals in meiobenthic marine organisms: stage-specific short tests with Tisbe battagliai

“…For example, in the present study, survival or population responses were unable to predict potential long-term effects of fluoranthene on phytoplankton communities due to effects on grazing. According to Jak et al (1996) many toxic chemicals can cause eutrophication phenomena by inhibiting zooplankton grazing rates. In addition, survival and sublethal responses of adults were also unable to predict toxic effects of algae-associated pyrethroids due to effects on nauplii survival.…”

“…For example, both lethal and sublethal effects on zooplankton could have long-term effects on secondary production (Moore & Folk 1993). However, toxic substances with effects on resource acquisition could also affect phytoplankton communities by their influence on grazing, thus increasing the risk of algal blooms (Jak et al 1996).…”

Persistência na água e influência de herbicidas utilizados na lavoura arrozeira sobre a comunidade zooplanctônica de Cladocera, Copepoda e Rotifera

“…fatores de ordem biológica podem interagir com os agrotóxicos, tendo conseqüências na população destes grupos (JAK et al, 1996). Segundo GAGNETEN (2002), os herbicidas podem provocar redução na densidade do zooplâncton, em especial na de crustáceos herbívoros (Cladocera e Copepoda), por determinar a diminuição dos recursos alimentares e trocas na estrutura da comunidade algal e, associado a isto, podem apresentar efeitos tóxicos.…”