Evaluation of latex agglutination kits for detection of fibrin(ogen) degradation products and D‐dimer in healthy horses and horses with severe colic

Stokol, Tracy; Erb, Hollis N.; Wilde, Lisa De; Tornquist, Susan J.; Brooks, Marjory B.

doi:10.1111/j.1939-165x.2005.tb00064.x

Cited by 44 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…A hypercoagulation state is usually developed during the progress of colic in horses and it refers to disseminating intravascular coagulation (DIC) (Cesarini et al, 2010). The hypercoagulation and increased fibrinolysis can be assessed by measuring the concentration of plasma D-dimer, which is very useful in acute gastrointestinal disorders, laminitis and in septic foals (Stokol et al, 2005).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Plasma D-dimer Concentration in Horses with Colic

El-Zahar¹,

Bayoumi²,

Shalaby³

et al. 2017

Adv. Anim. Vet. Sci.

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A total of 32 horses examined from the period between July 2015 and July 2017 were included in the present study. Horses were grouped according to the results of the general clinical examination and the diagnosis. Ten horses were apparently healthy used as control horses (Group I) and 22 research Article Abstract | The aim of this study was to measure the concentration of the plasma D-dimer in healthy horses and in horses with colic and to compare it before and after therapy. Thirty-two horses were included; 22 horses showed signs of abdominal pain. Horses were grouped according to clinical and laboratory examination results into healthy horses (Group I, n=10); horses with colic associated with enteritis and/or colitis (Group II, n=16) were presented with moderate intermittent abdominal pain with increased peristalsis and increased frequency of defecation; horses with colic associated with impaction of the intestine (Group III, n=6) were presented with severe abdominal pain and decreased fecal output. There was significant increase in the concentration of plasma D-dimer in horses with impaction of the intestine and horses with enteritis and/or colitis compared to clinically healthy horses. Therapeutic trials resulted in improvement of the D-dimer concentration where the concentration of plasma D-dimer was significantly decreased in horses with enteritis and/or colitis and in horses with impaction of the intestine after therapy compared to its concentration before therapy. In conclusion, D-dimer is a sensitive marker for detection of excessive fibrinolysis in horses. Higher concentration of plasma D-dimer is observed in severe cases of colic and might reflect poor prognosis.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…On the other hand, Tinker et al (1997) stated that there were no association between gender and incidence of colic.…”

Section: Advances In Animal and Veterinary Sciencesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plasma D-dimer Concentration in Horses with Colic

El-Zahar¹,

Bayoumi²,

Shalaby³

et al. 2017

Adv. Anim. Vet. Sci.

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“…In this context, the best indicator of a negative prognosis for the admission of horses with colic are a prolonged time of aPTT (>63 seconds) together with low antithrombin activity (< 74%) (Stokol et al 2005).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thromboelastometric evaluation of horses submitted to experimental thrombosis and jugular thrombectomy

et al. 2016

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Jugular thrombosis in horses occurs commonly in iatrogenic situations, secondary to endotoxemic clinical condition and disseminated vascular coagulation, potentially leading to death. Thus, hemostatic evaluation becomes necessary and extremely important for monitoring the risks of systemic hypercoagulability and for the efficiency of allopathic and surgical treatment. This paper describes the hemostatic behavior in experimental jugular thrombosis of ten healthy equines, subsequently submitted to two thrombectomy techniques and receiving heparin sodium as anti-rethrombosis therapy. These animals were evaluated for 20 days by thromboelastometry (TEM), platelet count, hematocrit and fibrinogen, at four moments: pre-induction to phlebitis (D0-MPF); three days after thrombophlebitis induction (D3-MFM); 6 days after, -moment of thrombophlebitis -(D9-MT); and 54 (D16) and 126 (D19) hours after thrombectomies (PTM). Thrombectomy was performed via a Vollmar Ring (group 1, n=5) and Fogarty catheter (group 2, n=5). All the animals received heparin (150 UI/kg, SC) every 12 hours, for ten days after the respective thrombectomies. Through the blood samples were evaluated TEM, activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) and prothrombin time (PT), dosing of fibrinogen, hematocrit and platelet count at the abovementioned moments. For comparison between groups and moments the t test was applied at 5% significance level. No significant difference was verified between treatment groups at any of the moments. There were reductions in clotting time (CT) and clot formation time (CFT), with increase in maximum lysis (ML) until the moment D9-MT. Evaluation through INTEM ® reagent presented prolongations of CT and CFT with reduction of α angle and ML starting from D16 and D19. Similarly, aPTT presented significant differences between moments pre-(D0, 3 and 9) and post-(D16 and 19) anticoagulant and surgical treatment. The platelet numbers were diminished at moments D16 and D19. In evaluation with EXTEM ® reagent, prolongation of CT and CFT occurred only between the moments D0 vs. D3 and vs. D9. O PT did not present significant differences. The results obtained demonstrate that experimental jugular thrombophlebitis leads to local clinical alterations, with impairment of tissue and of the extrinsic coagulation pathway (EXTEM ® ), but without evidence of systemic hypercoagulability status, since there was no increase of the alpha angle or maximum clot firmness (MCF). Furthermore, TEM was shown useful and more sensitive than conventional coagulation tests (PT, aPTT and fibrinogen) for the monitoring of anticoagulant therapy, as demonstrated in other works. Houve diminuição do número de plaquetas nos momentos D16 e D19. Na avaliação com reagente extem ocorreu apenas o prolongamento do CT e CFT entre os momentos D0 e o D3 e D9. O TP não apresentou diferenças significativas. Os resultados obtidos demonstram que a tromboflebite jugular experimental leva a alterações clínicas locais, com comprometimento tecidual e da via extrínseca da coagulação ...

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“…Among these methods, JOURNAL OF THE HELLENIC VETERINARY MEDICAL SOCIETY 2010,61(1) ΠΕΡΙΟΔΙΚΟ ΤΗΣ ΕΛΛΗΝΙΚΗΣ ΚΤΗΝΙΑΤΡΙΚΗΣ ΕΤΑΙΡΕΙΑΣ 2010,61(1) those based on the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and agglutination (latex agglutination or immune-turbidimetric assay) are the most commonly used (Caldin et al 2000, Stokol et al 2005, Boutet et al 2009). …”

Section: Methods For D-dimer Determinationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Furthermore, it was found that healthy horses have detectable concentrations of serum FDPs and D-dimer and a high D-dimer concentration supports the diagnosis of DIC, while FDPs were not useful for the diagnosis of DIC in this species (Sandholm et al 1995, Stokol et al 2005). …”

Section: ξητί-ξχι-β-1 Chcfmsrmentioning

confidence: 99%

D-dimer as a diagnostic tool for canine thromboembolic disorders

Giannoulopoulos

Athanasiou

Polizopoulou

2017

J Hellenic Vet Med Soc

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D-dimers are small protein fragments present in the blood after a blood clot is degraded by plasmin. During the fibrin(ogen) degradation, a number of products are produced called fibrin(ogen) degradation products (FDPs). D-dimers are part of the FDPs, formed as a result of plasmin activity on cross-linked fibrin. Thus, D-dimers indicate the activity of both thrombin and plasmin and are specific markers for fibrinolysis. D-dimer measurement is widely used in the diagnostic work-up of human patients as the most sensitive test to diagnose pulmonary thromboembolism (PTE) and disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) and it is, also, considered essential in the evaluation of antithrombotic therapy. During the last decade, there was considerable research regarding the potential utility of D-dimer in veterinary medicine, particularly in canine and equine species. In dogs, D-dimer plasma concentrations can be used to rapidly detect the thrombotic complications and DIC associated with many systemic diseases (high quantitative D-dimer levels). The symptoms of PTE are subtle and the confirmation of diagnosis with routine hematological tests can be difficult, thus jeopardizing the patient's survival. Several techniques have been employed for the detection of D-dimer; the immunoenzymatic assay (ELISA), the immuno-turbidimetric assay and several latex agglutination assays are more commonly used.

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Evaluation of latex agglutination kits for detection of fibrin(ogen) degradation products and D‐dimer in healthy horses and horses with severe colic

Cited by 44 publications

References 24 publications

Plasma D-dimer Concentration in Horses with Colic

Plasma D-dimer Concentration in Horses with Colic

Thromboelastometric evaluation of horses submitted to experimental thrombosis and jugular thrombectomy

D-dimer as a diagnostic tool for canine thromboembolic disorders

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